پراش توسط اشعه های الکترون و نوترون ترم دوم 1394 به نام آنکه جان را فکرت آموخت.

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Presentation transcript:

پراش توسط اشعه های الکترون و نوترون ترم دوم 1394 به نام آنکه جان را فکرت آموخت

Lattice spacing typically Max von Laue ( ) 1914 Nobel prize Laue 1912 اصول پراش

3 A crystal is a periodic structure ( unit cells are repeated regularly) Diffraction X-rayNeutronElectron Diffraction of Waves by Crystals توجه : اصول کلی برای تمام امواج یکسان است.

پراش مکمل اشعه ایکش پراش الکترونی و نوترونی است. انرژی اشعه ایکس، موج الکترونی و نوترونی X-ray: Electrons: Neutrons: توجه : تولید مانند اشعه ایکس تولید توسط واکنش های هسته ای در راکتور

الگوی پراش لاوه روشهای پراش اشعه ایکس X-Ray Diffraction Method Laue Orientation Single Crystal Polychromatic Beam Fixed Angle Rotating Crystal Lattice constant Single Crystal Monochromatic Beam Variable Angle Powder Lattice Parameters Polycrystal (powdered) Monochromatic Beam Variable Angle

ویژگی ها و کاربردها X-ray diffraction Electron diffractionNeutron diffraction Photon energies 10keV-100keV large penetration depth 3D crystal structure scattering by electron density best results for atoms with high Z Charged particle “strong” interaction with matter low penetration depth Study of: surfaces thin films Interaction with nuclei Improved efficiency for light atoms Inelastic scattering: phonons Magnetic moment interacts with moment of electrons Magnetic scattering: Structure, magnons

7 Neutron λ = 1A° E ~ 0.08 eV interact with nuclei Highly Penetrating Electron λ = 2A° E ~ 150 eV interact with electron Less Penetrating Diffraction Methods

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