Chapter 31 Plumbing Systems

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cite codes that govern the installation of plumbing systems. List necessary plumbing tools and explain how to use them. Describe the different types of materials used in plumbing systems. Name and recognize devices and fixtures that are part of the plumbing system. Objectives A. Weyerhaeuser

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Read plumbing prints. Explain the proper design and installation of plumbing systems. Demonstrate a basic understanding of well and pump systems. Cite safety measures that plumbers must observe. Objectives (Cont.)

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Plumbing Includes piping and fixtures that supply water for drinking, bathing, and laundry Includes drainage pipes for wastewater that lead to municipal sewer or local septic system

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Rough Plumbing Plumbers must cut holes and notches in building frame to install rough plumbing Notched framing members should be reinforced with metal strapping A. Weyerhaeuser

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Plumbing Regulations Covered by several agencies International Code Council sponsors International Plumbing Code Some states have plumbing codes Plumbers must be familiar with local codes A. Weyerhaeuser

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Two Separate Systems Water supply system distributes water under pressure throughout structure Drainage, waste, and venting (DWV) system carries away solid waste and wastewater

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Tools One of plumber’s most used tools is wrench Some tools designed to perform tasks specific to plumbing –Power auger –Chain cutter –Reamer –Pipe wrench Ridge Tool Company; Reed Manufacturing Co.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Measuring Tools Important tools are used for measuring and producing accurate lines, circles, and other markings –Tapes, squares, levels –Transits, plumb bobs, chalk lines –Compasses and dividers Ridge Tool Company

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cutting Tools Include saws, files, chisels, snips, and pipe cutters Boring tools are used for making holes in wood framing members Reaming and threading tools are used on metal pipe Reed Manufacturing Co.; Ridge Tool Company

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Torches Used to solder copper pipe and fittings May be attached to handheld propane tank or much larger tank Three fuel choices –Acetylene –Propane –MAPP Forney Industries, Inc.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe and tubing for supply lines Large-diameter pipe to drain away wastewater Valves and faucets for controlling water supply Washers and O-rings Tape, compounds, and putties to help seal connections Plumbing Supplies

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Copper Tubing Available as rigid, straight lengths or in flexible coils Comes in variety of diameters and seven different weights Can be cut with pipe cutter or hacksaw Joined using compression fittings or sweat solder

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Plastic Pipe Used for both supply and drainage systems Available in lengths that can be cut with handsaw or tubing cutters Joined with special fittings or by using special adhesive

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Steel Pipe Galvanized pipe used in water supply plumbing Has coating of zinc to retard rusting Black pipe is painted rather than galvanized Will rust more quickly when in constant contact with water

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Valves Devices that control flow of water in water supply system Gate valves control water with flat disk that slides up and down Compression valves can stop or restrict water flow

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Faucets Compression or washer- less valves Permit controlled flow of water Usually deliver water to fixtures such as sinks, or to appliances Kunkle Valve Co. Inc.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. When pipes are drained or installed, airborne microorganisms might enter system After system recharged, it should be disinfected –Run diluted solution of chlorine laundry bleach through system –Use caution in handling chlorine bleach –Wear rubber gloves and safety glasses Safety Note

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fixtures Water-using devices, such as sinks, bathtubs, bidets, toilets, or showers Receive water from supply system Have means for delivering wastewater to DWV system American Standard

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Sealing Plumbing Systems Some supplies and materials seal plumbing system against leaks –Slip-joint washers –O-rings –Teflon ® tape –Pipe compound –Plumber’s putty –Wax ring

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Reading Prints Plans may not include pipe drawings Plumber may need to develop sketches –Riser diagrams –Plan view sketches –Isometric sketches

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Symbols for Plumbing

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pipe and Fitting Symbols

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Installing Plumbing Usually done by plumbing subcontractor Most plumbing is concealed within building frame Some fixtures must be placed before studs Rough-in is first phase of plumbing installation

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Connecting Copper Pipe Sweat soldering copper pipe is relatively easy It must be carefully done to avoid leaks You will need –Gas torch –Lead-free solder –Paste soldering flux –Steel wool or brush

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Bending Copper Tubing Flexible copper tubing can be easily bent to change its direction Use tubing spring to avoid crimping Flare fittings used with copper tubing require no soldering

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Installing Plastic Supply Pipe PVC is suited for cold water only CPVC can be used for hot and cold water Fittings slide over outside of pipe They are secured with quick-curing solvent cement

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Safety Note Solvent-cement is highly flammable Keep it away from flame Fumes can cause lung damage Provide adequate ventilation during use

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Installing Galvanized Pipe Check lengths to ensure accuracy Make sure threads are clean Apply pipe compound or Teflon ® tape Screw on fittings finger tight Tighten with pipe wrench

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fixing Sink Drain Problems P-traps are most frequent site of clogging and leaking in DWV system Are always full of water Keep container handy to catch spills when disconnecting from drain

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Wells Wells require pumps and pressure tanks to maintain water supply Drilled wells are used where great depths are needed Bored wells are made with earth augers

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pumps and Pressure Tanks Submersible pump may be installed in well Aboveground pump may be placed near well or in building Pressure tank stores reserve of water to meet continuing needs

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Construction Careers Plumbers Install and repair many types of piping systems Work for building contractors or are self- employed Complete on-job training and apprenticeships Must be licensed Monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Thinkstock