PDN What is the purpose of a treaty? What is the purpose of a treaty?

The Aftermath of the War Chapter 12 Section 5

Damage from Zepplin

Trench left behind

Hotel de Ville, France

HMS Albacore…hit a mine

British soldiers blinded by gas

French forest destroyed

Millions of casualties

Victory Parade in New York City

Victory Parade

WWI cemetery, Ypres, Belgium

WWI Monument, Kansas City, MO

WWI Monument, Atlantic City, NJ

WWI Monument, Mont Clair, NJ

WWI Monument, New Hampshire

The Big 4 The main winning countries involved The main winning countries involved President Woodrow Wilson of the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson of the U.S. Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain, Premier Georges Clemenceau of France Premier Georges Clemenceau of France Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy

The Council of Four (from left to right): David Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson in VersaillesDavid Lloyd GeorgeVittorio Emanuele Orlando Georges ClemenceauWoodrow Wilson

Wilson’s Proposals President Wilson developed a program for peace around the world known as the Fourteen Points President Wilson developed a program for peace around the world known as the Fourteen Points called for an end to entangling alliances called for an end to entangling alliances involved a reduction of military forces involved a reduction of military forces The right of Austria-Hungary’s ethnic groups to self-determination, or the power to make decisions about their own future. The right of Austria-Hungary’s ethnic groups to self-determination, or the power to make decisions about their own future. During peace negotiations, Wilson’s Fourteen Points were discarded one by one. During peace negotiations, Wilson’s Fourteen Points were discarded one by one.

Wilson’s 14 Points 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up.Russia 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to be "along clearly recognisable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.League of Nations

The League of Nations One of Wilson’s ideas, the formation of a League of Nations, was agreed upon at the Paris Peace Conference. One of Wilson’s ideas, the formation of a League of Nations, was agreed upon at the Paris Peace Conference. designed to bring the nations of the world together to ensure peace and security. designed to bring the nations of the world together to ensure peace and security. Early form of the U.N. Early form of the U.N. Republicans in Congress were concerned about a provision that might draw the United States into unpopular foreign wars. Republicans in Congress were concerned about a provision that might draw the United States into unpopular foreign wars.

Unrealistic…our hands would be tied…

The Treaty of Versailles The treaty which was negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference (January 1919) The treaty which was negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference (January 1919) 9 new nations were created from territory taken from Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany. 9 new nations were created from territory taken from Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Austria, Hungary Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Austria, Hungary most borders were drawn with the division of ethnic minorities in mind, most borders were drawn with the division of ethnic minorities in mind, created new ethnic minorities in several countries. created new ethnic minorities in several countries.

Paris

Before and After

Treaty of Versailles France insisted that Germany be humiliated and financially crippled. (Why would France want that?) France insisted that Germany be humiliated and financially crippled. (Why would France want that?) Treaty required Germany to pay billions of dollars in reparations, or payment for economic injury suffered during the war. Treaty required Germany to pay billions of dollars in reparations, or payment for economic injury suffered during the war. Wilson opposed this plan claiming that these demands would lead to future wars. Wilson opposed this plan claiming that these demands would lead to future wars. On June 28, 1919, the peace treaty, which came to be known as the Versailles Treaty, was signed at Versailles, outside of Paris. On June 28, 1919, the peace treaty, which came to be known as the Versailles Treaty, was signed at Versailles, outside of Paris.

Congress and the Treaty of V Congress voted against ratifying it in November Congress voted against ratifying it in November The U.S. declared the war officially over on May 20, The U.S. declared the war officially over on May 20, Congress ratified separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary. Congress ratified separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary. The U.S. did not join the newly formed League of Nations. The U.S. did not join the newly formed League of Nations.

Activity With a partner (someone next to you), complete the Treaty of Versailles Organizer. With a partner (someone next to you), complete the Treaty of Versailles Organizer.