1 The Science and Mathematics of Natural Disasters LA Wetlands Mathematics Day Four

2 Day four of the 2006 South Mississippi Science and Mathematics Partnership Program [ (SMP) 2 ] 8:30 am to 10:15 am: VCS math, QKS sci 10:15 am to 10:30 am: break 10:30 am to 12:30 pm: VCS math, QKS sci 12:30 pm to 1:00 pm: Lunch 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm: QKS math, VCS sci 3:00pm to 3:15 pm: break 3:15 pm to 5:00 pm: QKS math, VCS sci

3 (SMP) 2 Institute Staff 2006 July 10 – July 14 July 24 – July 28 Dr. Sherry Herron, Dr. Shelia Brown, Dr. Sharon Walker, Dr. David Beckett Science Dr. Myron Henry *, Mrs. Lida McDowell *, Mrs. Mary Peters Mathematics * Responsible for Katrina Mathematics Materials

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5 Day Four Mathematics Topics spreadsheet charts and graphs measurement conversion for square units (area) metric prefixes double bar graphs, bar graphs, circle graphs percent percent change

6 Day Four Partial Objectives from the 2007 Mississippi Mathematics Objectives (Revised) 6 th grade 1f [Explain the relationship(s) among fractions, decimals and percents and model and represent a specific quantity in multiple ways], 1h (Solve problems by finding the percentage of a number including percentages greater than 100 and less than 1), 5a (Construct, interpret and explain double bar graphs) 7 th grade 1c (Convert among decimals, fractions, mixed numbers, and percents), 4a [Convert from one unit to another, perform basic operations, and solve real-world problems using standard (English and metric) measurements], 5c (Construct and interpret circle graphs to generalize trends from given data) Pre-Algebra 4a (Solve real-world application problems that include area using standard measurements)

7 Loss of Wetlands Louisiana’s coastal wetlands, a national resource supporting 30% of the nation’s fisheries and most of the wintering ducks in the Mississippi Flyway, are at risk from the annual conversion of wetlands to open water. Louisiana’s wetland loss rate is the highest of any state in the nation.

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10 Some Threats to Wetlands Sea level rise Subsidence- the combined effect of geological movement along faults and compaction of poorly consolidated sediments Storms Dredge and fill activities – for petroleum exploration and other industrial uses Collapse of the barrier islands and other parts of the natural system Destruction of wetland plants by an abundance of nutria Runoff containing pollutants

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13 1 inch Area? Measurement Conversion for Area

14 Measurement Conversion for Area 2.54 cm 1 inch 2.54 cm 1 inch

16 Use appropriate formulas in constructing your spreadsheet to recreate the spreadsheet above and the two charts that follow.

17 Square Miles Square Km

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21 The NWRC has been researching land loss in coastal Louisiana since the late 1970’s with an initial study indicating that coast- wide land loss rates from were approaching 44 sq. miles per year. In late 1987, Congress provided funds to identify and study wetlands loss. The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) of 1990 reported land loss rates, although decreasing, remained high at 33.5 sq. miles per year for the time period.

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PERCENT The symbol 1%, or in words “one percent,” is a representation for the number one hundredth or one divided by one hundred (1/100 or 0.01). Percent is NOT a unit of measure like $ or feet. When interpreting numbers expressed as percent, it is important to determine the “whole” ( the unit). PERCENT CHANGE Percent change is found by dividing the change (increase or decrease) by the initial value. The resulting quotient (as a decimal or fraction) is then converted to percent. When finding percent change, the starting value is the “whole” (the unit or 100%).

26 PROBLEM: A pond of water has a surface area of 12 square miles. After five very rainy years, the surface area of the pond has increased to 20 square miles. 1.The surface area of the smaller pond is what percent of the surface area of the larger pond? 2.The surface area of the larger pond is what percent of the surface area of the smaller pond? And the answer to number one? Let the all white 10x10 grid above represent the WHOLE or 100% of the larger pond (20 square miles). A single small square equals 1% or 1/100 of the larger pond. Thus 1/100 of 20 square miles is (1/100)*20 = 0.2 (square miles) which is represented by one small square. Thus 1 square mile is represented by 5 small squares. Therefore 12 square miles is represented by 60 small squares (in orange ). Therefore the surface area of the smaller pond is 60% of the surface are a of the larger pond.

27 PROBLEM: A pond of water has a surface area of 12 square miles. After five very rainy years, the surface area of the pond has increased to 20 square miles. 1.The surface area of the smaller pond is what percent of the surface area of the larger pond? Solution by the Numb3rs. The surface area of the smaller pond is 60% of the surface area of the larger pond. 2.The surface area of the larger pond is what percent of the surface area of the smaller pond? Solution by the Numb3rs. The surface area of the larger pond is about 167% of the surface area of the smaller pond.

28 PERCENT CHANGE Resulting (or calculated) percent minus 100% PROBLEM: A pond of water has a surface area of 12 square miles. After five very rainy years, the surface area of the pond has increased to 20 square miles. What is the percent change of the surface area of the smaller pond after five rainy years? The surface area of the larger pond is about 167% of the surface area of the smaller pond. Our Example:

29 PERCENT CHANGE Percent change is the following quotient in percentage form PROBLEM: A pond of water has a surface area of 12 square miles. After five very rainy years, the surface area of the pond has increased to 20 square miles. Find the percent change.

PROBLEM The land loss per year for Barataria Basin between 1978 and 1990 was 11.1 square miles per year. This is equivalent to creating a lake of 11.1 square miles per year during this period. The land loss for the year in which Katrina occurred (fall 2004 to fall 2005) was 17.6 square miles which is equivalent to increasing the surface area of a lake created annually though land loss ( ) from 11.1 square miles to 17.6 square miles in the year of Katrina. Find the percent change in water surface area gain (or loss of land) in the year of Katrina compared to the average during the twelve year period. The percent increase in square miles of land loss or water surface area gain over the two time periods is approximately 59 %. Solution

31 Find the percentage change in land loss or water gain for the basins in the spreadsheet below using appropriate column formulas. Also construct corresponding bar and pie charts. (See next slide for answers.)

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