Analytic Psychology: Carl Jung

Carl Jung Born in 1875 in Switzerland Lonely childhood, experienced fainting spells in early childhood Studied medicine at University of Basel Became lecturer at University of Zurich First president of International Psychoanalytic Society but broke with Freud following disagreements about the role of sexuality Founded his own school of thought – analytic psychology

The Nature and Structure of Personality Psyche = all psychological processes, thoughts, feelings, sensations, wishes, etc. Unconscious viewed as source of consciousness Libido = an undifferentiated energy that moves a person forward

Table 3.1: Jung's Structure of Personality

Personal Unconscious Personal unconscious An individual’s history that has been repressed or forgotten Organized into complexes

Figure 3.1: Complex—Organized Group of Thoughts

The Collective Unconscious Consists of potential ways of being that all humans share Archetypes Persona – social role Shadow – unsocial thoughts, feelings, and behaviors Anima – feminine side of male psyche Animus – masculine side of female psyche Self – central archetype and true midpoint of personality Mandala is a symbol of the self

Figure 3.2: Mandalas

Thinking Critically Archetypes in Cultural Forms Jung believed that there are an indeterminate number of archetypes Can you identify archetypes in our culture today? Pick out three archetypes in each of the following areas: The political arena Your favorite sport Your favorite action movie Your favorite television show Why did you make the choices you did? Do you think that everyone would agree with your choices? Why or why not?

Psychological Types Attitudes = ways of perceiving the environment Introversion Extroversion Functions = ways of orienting experiences Sensation Thinking Feeling Intuition

Psychological Types

Self Realization “Psychic birth” of individual does not take place till adolescence; personality develops across the lifespan Self-realization = teleological process of development that involves synchronicity individualization and transcendence

The Coincidence of Opposites

Jungian Psychotherapy Goal of psychotherapy to reconcile unbalanced aspects of personality Therapy involved a number of different methods Described as a dialogue between patient and doctor, unconscious and conscious Dreams have prospective and compensatory functions Amplification method of dream interpretation

Assessment and Research in Jungian Theory Developed the word-association test, the forerunner of projective assessment techniques Myers-Briggs Type Indicator implements Jung’s theory of type by sorting people into Extraversion-Introversion Sensing-Intuition Thinking-Feeling Judgment-Perception

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Philosophy, Science, and Art: Jung’s Theory Jung did not believe that psychologists should be bound to an experimental, scientific approach Although his concepts based on empirical data, his theory is largely philosophical Jung’s concept of God revealing himself through the collective unconscious has been of great interest to theologians

Personal Experiences Anima and animus How would Jung’s theory account for the increased acceptance and occurrence of female aggression (and male passivity) in the classroom? Take a few minutes to list 5 different ways in which you can internally identify with or outwardly express your anima (if you’re male) or animus (if you’re female). Ask your roommate or friends of the same sex to do the same thing, and then compare and contrast lists.