Drill: Draw & name 3 isomers of C 4 H 8 O. (each isomer must contain a carbonyl group)

Carboxylic Acids

Organic compounds with carboxyl groups

Carboxylic Acids O R-C R-COOH OH

Common Acids

Formic Acid O H-C OH Methanoic Acid

Acetic Acid O CH 3 -C OH Ethanoic acid

Propionic Acid O CH 3 -CH 2 -C OH Propanoic acid

Butyric Acid O CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C OH Butanoic acid

Fatty Acids Continuous-chain carboxylic acids isolated from fats

Caproic Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 C OH Hexanoic acid

Caprylic Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 C OH Octanoic acid

Capric Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 C OH Decanoic acid

Lauric Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 C OH

Myristic Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 C OH

Palmetic Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 C OH

Stearic Acid O CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 C OH

Organic HW Draw & name 5 isomers (containing a carboxyl group) of C 6 H 12 O 2

Unsaturated F A Oleic Acid Linoleic Acid Linolenic Acid

Benzoic Acid O C OH

Dicarboxylic Acids Organic compounds with two carboxyl groups

Oxalic Acid O C-C HO OH

Malonic Acid O C-CH 2 -C HO OH

Succinic Acid O C(CH 2 ) 2 C HO OH

Glutaric Acid O C(CH 2 ) 3 C HO OH

Adipic Acid O C(CH 2 ) 4 C HO OH

Name both of the Following: HOOCCOOH

Maleic Acid O=C C=O HO OH

OH O=C C= O HO Fumaric acid

Phthalic Acid COOH

Name: O HO O O-P-O-C-C-C O H H H -2

Lactic Acid OH H 3 C-CH-COOH

Pyruvic Acid O H 3 C-C-COOH

Tartaric Acid HO-CH-COOH

Malic Acid H-CH-COOH HO-CH-COOH

Citric Acid H 2 C-COOH HO-C-COOH H 2 C-COOH

Salicylic Acid COOH OH

Organic HW Draw & name 5 isomers of C 4 H 8 O 4 (all must contain a carboxyl group)

Name: O C OH

Name: O C OH HO

Drill: Draw & name 4 carboxyl group containing isomers of C 5 H 10 O 2 :

BP Properties Alkanes < ketones ketones < aldehydes aldehydes < alcohols alcohols < acids

Fatty Acids Long chain fatty acids have a polar and a non-polar end

Fatty Acid Salts R-COOH + MOH R-COO - M + + H 2 O

Fatty Acid Salts R-COOH + MOH R-COO - M + + H 2 O

Fatty Acid Salts HCOOH + KOH HCOO - K + + H 2 O

Fatty Acid Salts HCOOH + KOH HCOO - K + + H 2 O

Fatty Acid Salts CH 3 -COOH + NaOH CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O

Soaps Soaps are alkali metal salts of long chain fatty acids Yay cleanliness!

Soaps O-O- O Hydrophobic end Hydrophilic end

Explain Soaps, Micelles, & lipid layers

Making Carboxylic Acids

Making Acids Strong oxidation of a primary alcohol or an aldehyde Use KMnO 4 or K 2 Cr 2 O 7

Making Acids R-CH 2 -OH O R-C H O R-C OH Oxidation – H 2 Oxidation + H 2 O – H 2

Making Acids CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH K 2 Cr 2 O 7

O CH 3 CH 2 -C OH

C H O K 2 Cr 2 O 7 H 2 SO 4 Predict Products

C OH O

Organic HW Draw reactants, then draw & name products in the strong oxidation of: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, & pentanaldehyde