What are Life Processes?  In order to be alive, organisms must be able to do the following  All life processes can be combined into the word metabolism SSynthesis TTransport EExcretion RRespiration NNutrition GGrowth & Development RRegulation RReproduction

Is it alive?  Living: currently shows STERNGRR  Dead: was living at one point  Non-living: might show 1 or more characteristics of STERNGRR but does not have all of them

 Organisms build big things from little things.  Ex: protein synthesis: All organisms do this with ribosomes  Ex: producing food: Photosynthesis- plants make food  Opposite is digestion because digestion breaks large things into small things

 Movement of materials within an organism.  Examples: Multicellular organisms (organisms you can see) circulate blood around the body

Transport continued  Examples Plants  Vascular tissues move things up and down the plant Xylem: transports water up the plant Phloem: transport food down the plant  Nonvascular plants are not very tall because they do not have vascular tissues to move things against gravity. Examples of vascular plants are angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (pine cone producing plants)

Examples of nonvascular plants are moss

 How an organism get rid of waste  Examples In humans, this makes you pee and poop Sweating and peeing are used to balance levels of water, salt and pH (acids)  Organs used include kidneys

 How the organism gets its energy from food  ATP = Energy  Two types: Anaerobic: does NOT use oxygen Aerobic: uses oxygen  Example: Feeling energized after eating food

 Living things get food and nutrients from the environment  Two ways to get energy and nutrients: Autotrophs: make their own food  Plants Heterotrophs: eat other organisms for food  Animals

 Growth involves organisms increasing in size or increasing the number of cells in the organism EX: growing from 4ft to 5 ft EX: 1 cell divides into 2 cells

 Development involves maturing physically and mentally EX: puberty in humans EX: metamorphosis in butterflies and frogs

 Keeping conditions in the body constant  Maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis means to keep things inside the body the same  Things to keep constant pH of stomach and blood Temperature Salt levels

 Involves producing more organisms of the same species Asexual reproduction: 1 organism producing offspring alone Sexual reproduction: 2 organisms producing offpring together  Means that DNA is exchanged

Reproduction Continued  Methods of reproduction Seeds (sexual) Spores (spores) Eggs (sexual) Sperm (sexual)

Warmup 1/27/2015  What are examples of reproduction?  What is the difference between growth and synthesis?  Provide 2 examples of nutrition?  What is homeostasis?

Graphing Scientific Method

Graphs must have: Title Key Labeled Axes X Axis Y Axis Grpahing

4. Interpreting Data  Graphs and Tables a. Types of Graphs: 1. Line Graph – shows a relationship Steps to the Scientific Method

Interpreting Data a. Types of Graphs: 2. Bar Graph – used to compare information

Steps to the Scientific Method 5. Interpreting a. Types of Graphs: 3. Pie Graph – shows percentages; must add up to 100%

Scientific Method

Steps to the Scientific Method 1. State the Problem Make sure you are only studying ONE problem at a time! Make sure the question you are asking is related to biology!

2. Form a Hypothesis a. Educated guess; possible answer to your question b. Written as an “If…then…” statement Steps to the Scientific Method Why is this event happening?

3. Experimentation a. A test of the hypothesis b. Parts of an experiment a. Independent Variable: what is tested b. Dependent Variable: how the IV is measured c. Control group: group that is most normal, is not changed d. Experimental group: group that is changed, receives the IV Steps to the Scientific Method

Scientific Method Scenario #1  Raven tests to see if fertilizing marigolds increases the number of flowers produced. She has four containers of marigolds. In two containers she uses potting soil and in two containers she mixes potting soil and fertilizer. After one month, she counts the number of flowers on each plant and records her data.

4. Interpreting Data a. Make a graph of your finding Steps to the Scientific Method

6. Draw Conclusions a. Use data to make summaries b. Discussion of problems with experiment c. Discussions of options for future experiments Steps to the Scientific Method