Sabatier and Electrolysis Method for Space Travel to Mars Mike Bender Ivan Aragona Paul Rael Colorado State University – Pueblo.

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Presentation transcript:

Sabatier and Electrolysis Method for Space Travel to Mars Mike Bender Ivan Aragona Paul Rael Colorado State University – Pueblo

Objective and Purpose  To save money on Space Travel from Fuel Production on Mars;  A space shuttle mission requires over 500,000 gallons of fuel for all three engines [1];  It takes about $450 million, on average, to fund a space shuttle mission and the majority of this cost is the price of the fuel [1].

 Using available carbon dioxide gas indigenous to Mars’ atmosphere and Earth-supplied (initially) hydrogen gas; one would be able to create methane and water. CO 2 (g) + 4 H 2 (g) ↔ CH 4 (g) + 2 H 2 O(g)  Requires a ruthenium catalyst; Around °C  The methane will be used as fuel;  The by-product, water, will be recycled into the electrolysis. background SabatierSOLAr Electrolysis  The water is dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen gases; 2H 2 O(g) → 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)  The oxygen ultimately will be stored in cryogenic tanks for the combustion process;  The hydrogen is used in the Sabatier Reaction;

 On Mars, these reactions will need energy supplied by the use of Solar Panels.  These Solar Panels will be comparable to the size of the Solar Panels used for the International Aerospace missions. Power Supply

Methods & Techniques  Construct Prototype Apparatuses  Small Scale version to conduct research with  To create methane gas and water from the Sabatier reactor using hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases  Test the purity for safely combustible methane  Optimize the flow rates to maximum methane production  Dissociate the water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.  Optimize the process of recycling the water into usable products.

TTable Top Reactor; WWelded Metal frame, fabricated catalyst chamber;  PM Watlow Controller wire to thermocouples fixed with indicator lights;  Fabricated Aluminum block, flow meter, ¼’’ dia tubing; Sabatier Construction  Gases flow into quarter turn ball valves connected to the aluminum block.

 Solar Panels  Each solar panel is a 24-volt, 5- watt, ampere commercially sold battery charger;  Each panel is roughly 18” x 18”;  Wired in series and in parallel to optimize charge;  Stand. Angle adjustment to optimize incident angle of the sun; Made out of a steel framework, that was made in four pieces: a foot, neck, angle changer, and panel harness; Made so panels are easily accessible and interchangeable. Electrolysis Construction  Hoffman Apparatus  Dissociates the water into hydrogen and oxygen gasses;  Ionic compound added for conductivity;  Electrodes;  Leads, connected to the outside tubes of apparatus;  Valves at the top of each outside tube to control flow rate of produced gases;  Powered by the solar panels.

Sabatier Testing  Ran the reaction through to produce the two products  Separation of gasses in the three condenser tubes resting in separate cooling baths.  Froze out methane, water and excess carbon dioxide.

Test # CO 2 Flow Rate (mL/min) H 2 Flow Rate (mL/min) Temperatur e (° C) Time (min) Pressure (mmHg) Water Produced (mL) Methane Produced (mL) Test Test Test Test Test Sabatier Data  Flow rate optimization

 Purity Analysis Sabatier Data

Electrolysis Data

Results  Success Sabatier  Created the two products, methane and water, and collected samples.  From spectra, one can conclude pure methane gas was produced and can be used in the combustion process. Solar Electrolysis  Created hydrogen and oxygen gases form the Hoffman apparatus  Using solar energy to power the reaction.

 Need to adjust the flow rates on the Sabatier  The regulator, flow meter  Change tubing instead of replacement.  Need more power in Electrolysis.  The apparatus produced the gases, no where near enough to be recycled into the Sabatier reactor.  From the use of larger solar panels.  Different conduction compound  Need more data in both portions of the research recommendations

 Joining the two portions of the project and lead the water from Sabatier directly into the electrolysis portion;  Run comparison test trials using a different catalyst and/or powder catalyst to ensure optimum product of methane;  Angle adjustment on the Solar Panel Stand  Construct a 360° frame around the entire project leaving the solar panels attached to the outside.  This frame should be lightweight and strong enough to withstand weather conditions similar to that on Mars.  Theoretical energy balance of system (enthalpy, Gibb’s Free Energy, solar energy, current, solar panel efficiency).  Measure the energy required from the solar panels that would push through the reaction. Further Design Ideas

 [1] Space Shuttle and International Space Station. Jan. & Feb NASA. March & April 2009 .  [2] Elisha McDowell. Specialty Gas Specialist Airgas Intermountain.  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6] Brooksa, Kristina P., Jianli Hua, Huayan Zhub, and Robert J. Keeb. "Methanation of Carbon Dioxide by  Hydrogen Reduction." Chemical Engineering Science (2007): Print.  [7]  [8] Brown, Theodore L., Eugene H. Lemay Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten. Chemistry: the Central Science. 11 th ed.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice, Print.  [9]  [10]  [11]  [12]  [13] Schoffstall, Allen M., Barbara A. Gaddis, and Melvin L. Druelinger. Microscale and  Miniscale Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Print.  [14] References