Pres. George Bush, Iraq War Speech, March 13, What is your reaction to this speech? - What are his goals in making this speech?

EQ: In what ways can wartime propaganda affect public opinion?

Allied propaganda contributed to U.S. entry into WWI (1917)

The Bryce Report - Report of the Committee on Alleged German Outrages (1915) “It is proved-- (i) That there were in many parts of Belgium deliberate and systematically organised massacres of the civil population, accompanied by many isolated murders and other outrages. (ii) That in the conduct of the war generally innocent civilians, both men and women, were murdered in large numbers, women violated, and children murdered. (iii) That looting, house burning, and the wanton destruction of property were ordered…by the officers of the German Army…and that the burnings and destruction were frequent where no military necessity could be alleged, being indeed part of a system of general terrorisation. (iv) That the rules…of war were frequently broken, particularly by the using of civilians, including women and children, as a shield for advancing forces exposed to fire, to a less degree by killing the wounded and prisoners…”

U.S. propaganda used to encourage support for… Involvement in war effort Financing the war Expansion of the federal govt

The Committee on Public Information George Creel Anti-German propaganda Newspapers, film, radio and posters “four-minute men”

Propaganda Questions: 1. What is the message the author is trying to convey? 2. What technique is used to convince Americans of this message? 3. How do you think it would affect Americans’ view on the war?

Involvement in war effort - Enlistment

Women’s involvement in war effort

Red Cross

Munitions Work

Financing the war $33 billion raised in 2 years War bonds (Liberty bonds) sold – Buying = symbol of patriotism Taxes – War Revenue Act of 1917

Expansion of the federal govt War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch Food Admin. – Herbert Hoover Railway Admin. – William McAdoo Fuel Admin. – Harry A. Garfield National War Labor Board – William H. Taft & Frank P. Walsh U.S. Shipping Board

U.S. Food Administration

U.S. Fuel Administration

Effects of wartime propaganda What do you think could be positive effects of these types of propaganda? What could be some negative effects?

Hostility toward German-Americans Arrests, investigations, internment Lynching of Robert Prager “liberty cabbage,” “liberty dogs”

Govt Attacks on Civil Liberties Espionage Act (1917) – Illegal to interfere with the operation or success of the U.S. military (including recruiting and enlistment) Sedition Act (1918) – Made illegal “disloyal” language about the U.S. government, military or flag Cases: – Schenck v. United States – Debs v. United States Red Scare – Palmer raids

Discussion Qs: TWE were attacks on civil liberties a result of wartime propaganda? Has wartime propaganda today led to abuses of civil liberties? – 2001 Patriot Act – What can be done about this?