AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

SYLLABUS SECTION- 1 1 Introduction to automobile Engineering Drive Train Front Axle, Steering systems, Rear Axle, Wheel and Tyres

SYLLABUS SECTION- II 4 Suspension System, Brakes 5 Electrical system, Modern Trends 6 Vehicle Performance

DEFINITION Automobile engineering is a branch of engineering which deals with everything about automobiles and practices to propel them. Automobile is a vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine and it is used for transportation of passengers and goods on the ground. Automobile can also be defined as a vehicle which can move by itself. Examples : Car, jeep, bus, truck, scooter, etc.

History of Automobile

History of Automobile The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It was powered by a steam engine and was very slow. Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir was the first to build the one cylinder engine, internal-combustion engine, was later patent. Nikolas August Otto built the first four cylinder engine. In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeled automobile. They also created the first v-slanted engine. Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, is the first to build an automobile powered by an internal combustion engine.

Benz Patent-Motorwagen

History of Automobile The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as the gasoline engine was refined interest in hybrids died down. As problems with environment and gas process continue, Hybrids are now a hot commodity in the market place and are now the new wave of future cars

History of Automobile Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach with Benz’s manufacturing firm in 1926 to create Daimler-Benz. The joint company makes cars today under the Mercedes-Benz nameplate, and Daimler Chrysler Henry Ford, a famous car company founder, designed the world’s biggest car manufacturer, manufacturing over 15 million Model by 1927 Hybrid cars have also been around since the 1900’s. In the 1900’s Ford made more steam and electric cars than it did gasoline.

Landmark of Indian automobile industry 1897 First Person to own a car in India - Mr. Foster of M/s Crompton Greaves Company, Mumbai 1901 First Indian to own a car in India - Jamsetji Tata 1905 First Woman to drive a car in India - Mrs. Suzanne RD Tata 1905 Fiat Motors 1911 First Taxiin India 1928 Chevrolet Motors 1942 Hindustan Motors

Landmark of Indian automobile industry 1944 Premier Automobiles Limited 1945 Tata Motors 1947 Mahindra & Mahindra Limited 1948 Ashok Motors 1948 Standard Motors 1974 Sipani Motors 1981 Maruti Suzuki

The automobile industry in India 9 th largest automobile industry. 2 nd largest two-wheeler market. 11 th largest Passenger Cars producers. 4 th largest in Heavy Trucks. 2 nd largest tractor manufacturer. annual production of over 2.3million units. The monthly sales of passenger Cars in India exceed 100,000units

COMPONENTS OF AUTOMOBILE

COMPONENTS OF AUTOMOBILE 1 The basic structure 2 Power Plant 3 Transmission System 4 Accessories 5 Controls 6 Super Structure

Front engine front wheel drive Advantages:- No propeller shaft Low chassis height Engine pulls the car Better road adhesion Produce understeer conditions Disadvantages:- 1. Complicated arrangement 2. Two velocity joints needed 3. Decrease of tractive effort 4. Steering is heavier

ANATOMY OF AN AUTOMOBILE (FRONT WHEEL DRIVE) STEERING TYRE TYRE BRAKE BRAKE WHEEL TRACK TRANSAXLE CLUTCH DRIVE SHAFTS ENGINE SUSPENSION BRAKE BRAKE TYRE TYRE WHEEL BASE

Rear Engine Rear wheel Drive Rear-wheel-drive layout places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle.

ANATOMY OF AN AUTOMOBILE (REAR WHEEL DRIVE - 2WD) STEERING TYRE TYRE BRAKE BRAKE WHEEL TRACK ENGINE GEAR BOX DIFFERENTIAL PROPELLOR SHAFT - REAR CLUTCH SUSPENSION BRAKE BRAKE TYRE TYRE WHEEL BASE

FOUR WHEEL DRIVE Advantages When the front wheels falls in to a ditch, they can be driven out being power driven. More power Disadvantages Higher initial cost Running cost is more, because of additional fuel consumption

FOUR WHEEL DRIVE

ANATOMY OF AN AUTOMOBILE (FOUR WHEEL DRIVE) STEERING TYRE TYRE PROPELLOR SHAFT - FRONT BRAKE BRAKE TRANSFER CASE - 4WD DIFFERENTIAL 4WD WHEEL TRACK ENGINE GEAR BOX DIFFERENTIAL PROPELLOR SHAFT - REAR CLUTCH SUSPENSION BRAKE BRAKE TYRE TYRE WHEEL BASE

Classification of automobiles Use Capacity Make and model Fuel used Body style Wheels Drive transmission

BODY In case of conventional frame, there must be separate structure i. e. the body attached to the frame , while in case of frameless construction the body performs the function of both. The body and frame should jointly meet the following requirements 1 Strength – Body must be strong enough to withstand all forces. 2 Stiffness – Body must posses sufficient stiffness to prevent sagging in the middle.

3 Air drag – The shape of the body should be such that the air drag is minimum. 4 Space – The should be adequate space in the body 5 Resistance to corrosion 6 Protection against weather

Frame – Conventional construction Frame is the basic unit to which various components are attached and body is bolted to the frame. Functions To support the chassis components and the body To withstand static and dynamic load without deflection Loads on the frame Weight of the vehicle and passenger Vertical loads when the vehicle comes across a bump Loads due to road camber, side wind while taking a turn

Sudden impacts loads during a collision Load due to engine torque and braking torque Material for frame Mild sheet steel, carbon sheet steel, sheet nickel alloy steel

FRAMELESS CONSTRUCTION Body structure is so designed so as to combine the functions of body and frame, the units normally attached to the frame then being attached directly to the body Advantages of frameless construction – Reduced weight and saving in fuel consumption Lower manufacturing cost Lower body position may be obtained, thus resulting in increased stability of the automobile.

Disadvantages of frameless construction – Reduction of strength Economical only if adopted in mass production Increased cost of repairs in case of damaged to the body during accidents. Topless cars are difficult to design with frameless construction