International Seminar on Electronic Waste UMICORE BRASIL Ricardo Rodrigues November 30th, 2010

 Umicore Group  Umicore Brazil  The e-scrap recycling chain  What to do in Brazil? South America?  Conclusions

Material technology company with focus on clean technologies Workforce: 14,000 > 70 industrial locations worldwide

Umicore structure

e.g. drosses from lead smelters, slimes from copper industry,… Umicore in Hoboken: processing 300,000 tpy, different types of raw materials By-products from non- ferrous industry Spent Industrial Catalysts Spent Automotive Catalysts Electronic Scrap By-products Recyclable products Industrial catalysts from oil refining & petrochemical industry e.g. printed circuit boards end-of-life car catalysts Others Precious metal bearing raw materials e.g. fuel cells, photographic residues

Electronic Scrap - Printed circuit boards (PCBs) - Cell phones( handsets ) - Connectors

 Umicore Group  Umicore Brazil  The e-scrap recycling chain  What to do in Brazil? South America?  Conclusions

 UPMR operates in BRAZIL with the following activities:  Sampling & Assaying operation for SAC, SIC and JEWELRY SCRAP;  Handling & Warehousing for E-SCRAP.  UPMR structure is serving the South-American market; Umicore Brazil

 Umicore Group  Umicore Brazil  The e-scrap recycling chain  What to do in Brazil? South America?  Conclusions

recycled metals/ elements collection pre- processing dis- mantling materials recovery e-scrap separated components & fractions  OEM’S  SCRAP DEALERS  E-WASTE management companies  WASTE management companies  Logistic companies;  Cables;  Plastics  Aluminium  Fe  PCB’s  Batteries - etc. Recycling chain  Consumer  Corporative  Institutions  OEM’S  E-WASTE management companies  WASTE management companies  Recycling companies Precious Metals + 12 types of different metals

Who is a recycler? Every (serious) stakeholder in the chain is somehow a “recycler”. A waste management company or a pre-processor is not a recycler of (technology) metals in the stricter sense, they prepare materials for final recovery. Many waste management companies have their roots in bulk waste & mass metals (steel, copper, aluminium) and traditionally focus on mass throughput and cost. Many scrap dealers and (global) traders raise the impression to do recycling. Having “recycling pictures on the website or “recycling” in a company name is no sufficient proof for real recycling. Only the metallurgical processes of Umicore type finally recover (isolate & refine) the (technology) metals in a way that they can be fed back into the market. Their success depends on the quantity & quality of the feed from the upstream chain.  The structures in the recycling chain need to adapt to today’s requirements of professional, ethical and transparent business execution.

E-scrap: Umicore’s focus material E-scrap is a complex mix of:  Ag, Au, Pd… (precious metals)  Cu, Al, Ni, Sn, Zn, Fe… (base metals)  Hg, Be, Pb, Cd, As, Sb, Bi… (PIA metals)  Br, F, Cl... (halogens)  plastics (combustibles)  e-scrap contains valuable metals & resources & as such represents a true surface mine, which must not be wasted  sustainable processing in environmentally sound and robust operations Via Umicore Battery Recycling, we also offer recycling solutions for Rechargeable batteries (NiMH, Li-ion, Li-polymer)

High Tech & Economies of Scale  Key for precious metals refining from complex materials Focus PM-containing secondary material, input > t/a, global customer basis Recovery of 7 PM & 11 other metals: Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Cu, Pb, Ni, Sn, Bi, Se, Recycled metal value 2007: 3 Bn US-$ Te, Sb, As, In, Ga. Investments since 1997: 400 M €; Invest. for comparable green field plant: >> 1 Bn €! Complex processes, high recovery rates >> 95 % for PM, minimal waste Umicore‘s integrated smelter/refinery at Hoboken/Antwerp ISO & 9001, OHSAS 18001

backyard recycling ► “low tech” foto: EMPA/CH Au yield ≈ 25% integrated metals smelting/refining ►“high tech” Umicore Au yield >> 95% + high PM yields + special & base metals recovered + elimination of hazardous substances + high environmental standard −High losses, few metals recovered only dramatic environment & health impacts −Typical for most Asian & African countries End-processors (“Recyclers”) – Two approaches

 Umicore Group  Umicore Brazil  The e-scrap recycling chain  What to do in Brazil? South America?  Conclusions

What to do in Brazil? Recommendations Umicore  Create legislative framework that promotes/facilitates collection & recycling;  Define reliable supervision of recycling standards;  Determine reasonable collection and recycling targets;  Develop and implement communication program, end-user must be informed about what to do with e-waste;  Assure organized collection first before thinking of next steps => If no collection => no recycling;  Mobilising relevant EoL products for proper collection instead of stocking, landfill or incineration.

What to do in Brazil? Recommendations Umicore  Maximize the use of manual dismantling and minimize mechanical pre-processing for complex products: => The more complex/interlinked the material, the less selective are mechanical separation processes and the higher are losses of precious metals by co- segregation => Do not underestimate the job creation potential of (WEEE)-recycling (especially in collection and pre- processing)

 Preventing illegal exports by creating specific NCM for relevant EoL products & increasing transparency in flows;  Create a system to control the e-waste exporting companies; What to do in Brazil? Recommendations Umicore  Transparency in the information is a key component for the evaluation of the program. - Quantity of collected devices? - Technical & environmental performance of pre-treatment? - Final destination of output fractions? - Quantity of metals/materials recycled?  Transfer the informal sector to FORMAL instead of excluding them + make use of their strengths (collection, pre- processing, …);

What to do in Brazil? Is there a need for a precious metals smelter/refiner in Brazil?  End-processing is crucial for final value generation & toxic control;  Recycling trace elements from complex products needs “high-tech”, large scale processes which cannot be duplicated in any country (=> need for economies of scale);  End-processing technology/capacity available in Europe (Umicore):  Is sufficient to serve the Brazilian e-scrap market;  Can return more metals / more money than local refining solutions can;  Guarantees best environmental performance.

 Umicore Group  Umicore Brazil  The e-scrap recycling chain  What to do in Brazil? South America?  Conclusions

Conclusions  Consider recycling chain as a complex, interlinked-chain:  without collection, no recycling  without a serious recycling partner, high metal losses & environmental risk  Use strengths of Brazilian recycling society:  Transfer the informal sector to FORMAL  use manual labour to do focused disassembly of PCs & other complex products  limit mechanical pre-processing (“shredding”) of these to an absolute minimum  NATIONAL POLICY OF SOLID RESIDUES, must be seen as an opportunity in respect to:  job creation;  reduce emissions;  save energy and natural resources.

Conclusions  For smelting/refining of complex (precious) metal bearing fractions, make use of best available technology, also if this technology is currently not located in Brazil;  EXPORTING is also an important tool to create revenues to the country; Umicore is the reliable, globally-active long-term partner to process your precious metal bearing e-scraps