DRUGS IN SPORT

Learning Objectives You will learn the different types of drugs and drug testing. You will learn about how drugs testing occurs in sport.

TASK USE THE INFORMATION ON CIGARETTES AND ALCOHOL FROM PAGE 139 TO SUMMARISE THE EFFECTS THESE PRODUCTS HAVE ON THE BODY.

There are also drugs that come under the term “SOCIALLY UNACCEPTABLE” and these are illegal. This group includes: Heroin Cocaine LSD Amphetamines Barbiturates Cannabis and ecstasy.

Performance Enhancing Drugs. The rewards for winning in sport can be great. This may cause athletes to cheat. Governing bodies have clear drug testing policies. Each sport has its own list of banned substances to make it clear to performers and their coaches. Some drugs are used to hide pain, some to develop the body artificially.

Governing Bodies: The IOC medical commission works to: ‘protect the health of athletes… ensure respect for both medical and sport ethics... enforce equality for all competing athletes.’

IOC GUIDE TO PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES: Use the lists on Page 141 to make three lists in your notes. 1) Prohibited classes 2) Prohibited methods 3) Subject to restriction

WHY DO SPORTSPEOPLE TAKE DRUGS ? WRITE A LIST OUT

Task: Please complete… Type of Drug Examples What athletes may use them? Effects Side Effects Anabolic Agents Stimulants Opioid Analgesics Diuretics Peptide Hormones, mimetics, analogues Beta Blockers

MASKING AGENTS Drugs taken to hide presence of another drug. Some masking agents are not on a banned substances list for some sports. Masking agents hide illegal substances. Epitestosterone, probencidcid and diuretics mask presence of anabolic steroids.

Banned Methods Blood Doping. 2-3 months prior to competition, blood is removed from competitor. This gives time for Natural blood stores to be replenished. Blood re-injected 1 week prior to event. This improves oxygen-carrying capacity, benefiting athlete’s aerobic endurance. Performance can be improved by 20%. Health risks – blood clots, high bp, heart attacks.

Drugs Testing All top athletes are tested. World cup 2002 – athletes tested after every match. Can be random, during training, after qualifying, in competitions.

Drug Testing Procedure Athlete selected chooses a chaperone and a witness. Chaperone – same sex. Urine sample given in front of witness – then bottled A & B. Samples then locked up and sealed. Samples sent to laboratory. Sample A tested. Any performer who refuses automatically treated as positive.

Procedure for positive… NGB and competitor informed. Competitor gives their account and sample B tested. Official hearing with legal team. If guilty – penalty. Medals/awards at time of sample or after stripped.

PROBLEMS… Certain banned substances are found in common foods and medicines. Coffee contains caffeine; flu, headache and asthma tablets all contain some banned substances. Coach and athletes responsibility to check EVERYTHING OUT.

Procedure for negative results If no drugs are found then no action is taken and sample B is destroyed. NGB of sport and competitor informed.

Task Task 3 on page 145.

ANY QUESTIONS…