Research of Element Felipe Sarmiento 4B

Oxygen Characteristics My element is oxygen. It´s characteristics are: Atomic number of oxygen is 8 Its atomic mass is 15.999 Its symbol is O Its melting temperature is 218.79°C, 361.82°F Its boiling point is 182.962°C, 297.332°F At room temperature is a gas but it can also be a liquid It´s part of the group 16 or chalcogens. Its period number is 2. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume Oxygen makes up about two-thirds of the human body The element and its compounds make up 49.2% by mass of the Earth’s crust This element is a non-metal Oxygen is the third element with most abundance in the Milky Way galaxy

Bonding of Oxygen Oxygen do bonds that are very important to us. Some examples of its compounds are water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Most of the bonds of oxygen are covalent because it´s a non-metal and it´s missing two electrons to fill the valence shell. Normally, ionic bonds are when an element is missing one elctron to fill its valence shell and the other has an extra electron. Oxygen likes to bond with carbon and hydrogen. The compound of hydrogen and oxygen is water. They bond because hydrogen needs one more electron to fill its valence shell and oxygen two electrons. So, because oxygen needs two more electrons, and hydrogen one, two hydrogen atoms share electrons with one oxygen atom so they´re valence shell is complete.

Uses of Oxygen in the World The uses of oxygen in the world is by all people because if they don´t get oxygen they die. The greatest commercial use of oxygen gas is in the steel industry. Large quantities are also used in the manufacture of a wide range of chemicals including nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. It is also used to make epoxyethane (ethylene oxide), used as antifreeze and to make polyester, and chloroethene, the precursor to PVC. Oxygen gas is used for oxy-acetylene welding and cutting of metals. A growing use is in the treatment of sewage and of effluent from industry. It is used to make acids, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other compounds. It is applied in assorted chemical reactions. The goal is to boost reaction rate and oxidation of unwanted compounds. Hot oxygen air is required to make steel and iron in blast furnaces. Some mining companies use it to destroy rocks.

Future Chemistry with Oxygen Oxygen is very important to all living things because they need it to survive, not only for oxygen in its own, but in water and other functions of chemistry. But, we are polluting so much that oxygen is dissapearing. Also, not only our greenhouse gases, the smoke of the volcanoes that had been there from the begining of Earth don´t help oxygen to stay. It´s stable with the volcanoes but additionally with all the greenhouse gases it´s not stable. So if chemistry use it to do experiments, more and more oxygen is going to be loosed. But chemistry experiments with oxygen are not that bad. For example, experiments with oxygen had discovered that when oxygenating the compound carbon-hydrogen it can make energy. So, in the future, if we use this method, we could stop the greenhouse gases of the factories of energy when making energy using oxygen. On the other hand, chemistry and medicine had discovered that with oxygen, we could do a hyperbaric therapy that consist in using oxygen to oxygenate the body cells to cure them faster and more efficiently.

Bibliography www.rsc.org/periodic-table/8/oxygen http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=13724daa-e22a- 49b8-b918- b01638089690%40sessionmgr113&hid=106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ %3d%3d#db=funk&AN=OX043100 http://www.usesof.net/uses-of-oxygen.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367593115000265 http://hyperbaricinformation.com/HBO-Articles/Evidence-Overview/NEJM- 1996-Tibbles-HBO.pdf