Intelligence Theory Traditional or Multiple

Traditional Views of Intelligence What makes a person intelligent? The most common responses will often note a person's ability to use logic. This typical trait is usually lumped together with a person’s ability to understand, examine, and respond to stimuli. Traditionally, smart people are expected to solve a math problem correctly or to take a test well and score high compared to their peers.

Multiple Intelligences Recent advances in psychology, developmental psychology and neuroscience suggest that each person's level of intelligence, is actually made up of several different ways of knowing that can work individually or together. Dr. Howard Gardner, a Harvard Scientist, has scientifically identified nine such ways of knowing, which he labeled as intelligences.

The Faculties (Intelligences) Musical/Rythmic Intelligence Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence Logical/Mathematical Intelligence Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence Visual/Spatial Intelligence Interpersonal Intelligence Intrapersonal Intelligence Naturalist Intelligence Existential Intelligence

Musical/Rythmic Intelligence Ability to perform and comprehend musically and/or rythmically. This person: Likes to: sing, hum tunes, listen to music, play an instrument and respond to music. Is good at: picking up sounds, remembering melodies, noticing pitches/rhythms and keeping time. Learns best by: rhythm, melody and music.

Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence The ability to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully. This Person likes to and is good at: Moving around, touching and talking and using body language. Physical activities such as sports, dance, acting and crafts. Learn best by touching, moving, interacting with objects and space, and processing knowledge through bodily sensations.

Logical/Mathematical Intelligence The ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical or numerical patterns. This person likes to and is good at: Doing experiments, figuring things out, working with numbers, asking questions, exploring patterns and relationships. Math, reasoning, logic and problem solving. Learns best by: categorizing, classifying and working with abstract patterns/relationships.

Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence Well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words This person likes to and is good at: reading, writing and telling stories. Memorizing names, places, dates and trivia. Learns best by saying, hearing and seeing words.

Visual/Spatial Intelligence Capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly This person likes to and is good at: Drawing, building, designing and creating things, This person daydreams, looks at pictures, and watches movies and plays with machines. Imagining things, sensing changes, mazes/puzzles and reading maps, charts. This person learns best by: visualizing, dreaming, using the mind's eye and working with colors and pictures.

Interpersonal Intelligence The capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others. This person likes to and is good at: Having lots of friends, talking to people and joining groups. Understanding people, leading others, organizing, communicating, manipulating and mediating conflicts. This person learns best by sharing, comparing, relating, cooperating and interviewing.

Intrapersonal Intelligence Has the capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes This person likes to and is good at: Working alone and pursuing own interests. Understanding self, focusing inward on feelings/dreams, following instincts, pursuing interests/goals and being original. This person learns best by: working alone, individualized projects, self-paced instruction and having own space.

Naturalist Intelligence The ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature This person may identify patterns and classify the natural world. May be, a birdwatcher, Hunter, farmer, biologist, Anthropologist, Consumer, a collector who loves pets, dinosaurs, etc. This person may learn by organizing and classifying, develop schemes for evaluating information, may also learn better outdoors.

Sponge You run into a friend in the hallway, but cannot remember their name. After some time, you remember the location you met them. All of a sudden you can remember their name. Using memory storage and retrieval processes discussed in class and the concepts of long term, short term and working memory, explain why one memory triggered the other, whereas remembering just the person’s name was not possible.

The Domains Summary

Existential Intelligence Existentialism is an emotional and spiritual intelligence This is not a cognitive task, but underlies all other intelligences. It enables us to understand and express our feelings, and to manage them appropriately. This person: Manage emotions appropriately Sense other people's feelings and see other perspectives Sense emotional tone of groups, events, and communications Enables effective relationships opens to intimacy

Which are you? Tests…