 uses – s or no –s  I  you } eat  we  they  he  she} eats Panda bears eat bamboo.  it

 always “I always smoke a cigar after dinner.”  every day  usually  often  sometimes  rarely  never “I usually practice karate on the weekends.”

The capital of Russia is Moscow. It takes years to learn another language. Ten times ten equals one-hundred. Airplanes need a lot of fuel to operate.

Used with –ed if it’s regular hug - hugged dance – danced kiss - kissed

write – wrote stand - stood think - thought

 yesterday  last week  3 months ago  in 1983 “The Egyptians built the pyramids thousands of years ago.”

am / is / are + ing today, now, right now, at this moment, this week

hear love like prefer want need hate seem “I am loving you.” love

have feel think look taste smell see I am smelling the flower. It smells wonderful.

There are 3 ways you can show the future In the year 2525 …..

 Talk about plans “I’m going to study Law.”  Predictions about the future “I think it’s going to rain tomorrow.”

 after  once  as soon as  in 3 weeks  10 days from now  next year “Once the exam begins, you cannot talk.” “The exam ends 2 hours from now.”

 uses has / have + past participle  Careful! The past participle can be the same as the simple past, but in some cases it’s different walkwalked walked waitwaited waited rideroderidden drinkdrankdrunk

an action that started and finished in the past (exact time is unknown) already, just He has finished the project. The post office has already closed for the day. We have just received the good news.

some actions start in the past and continue to the present time: since, for, recently, lately, yet, up to now, so far, never, ever Joe has worked at the company for 27 years. Joe’s first day of work back in Joe is now the company president! Lately, the days have started getting hotter. I feel lucky because I have never been seriously ill.

Time Words already yet always last year in days ago lately everyday up until now so far right now

Some time words can be used for past, present, and future Examples: I always visit my grandmother in the summer. (present) Gandhi always tried to solve India’s problems with peace. (past) I will always remember you. (future) They have always lived in California. (present perfect)

Most sentences in English are active. Active means that the subject does the action: subject verb object George de Mestral, a Swiss engineer, invented velcro. } George did the action -- he invented S V O Manufacturers use it on handbags, shoes, and clothing. S V O S V O Astronauts need velcro on spaceships. It holds things down.

Passive means that the subject is not doing the action. Instead, something happens to the subject. Velcro was invented by George de Mestral, a Swiss engineer. Velcro is a thing.George is a person. George did the action -- not the velcro!

1. The object and the subject switch places subject verb object George de Mestral, a Swiss engineer, invented velcro. Velcro was invented by George de Mestral, a Swiss engineer. subject verb object

passive = be + past participle

by is used when it’s important or known who/what did the action Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. This sweater was made by my grandmother. New Orleans was destroyed by a hurricane in sometimes, it isn’t important or known who/what did the action India was given independence Coffee is grown in many countries The pearl carpet of Baroda was made with more than 1 million pearls. In Texas, hundreds of trucks are stolen each month.

Reading is a great way to learn how verbs are used. When you read, you see verbs used in past, present, and future.

Grammar is like driving or using a computer; the best way to learn it is by doing it yourself. Paying attention to your teacher’s lessons about verbs is useful, but the best way is to try and use them yourself.

When you listen to English (movies, songs, conversations, etc) pay attention to the verbs. Try to listen to how people use verbs.