Review R4 황은정 / prof. 장영운 경희대학교 의과대학 소화기내과.

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Presentation transcript:

Review R4 황은정 / prof. 장영운 경희대학교 의과대학 소화기내과

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) vs Endoscopic submucosal resection(ESD)

Endoscopic resection 1990 1993 1998 2000 2002 2010 Endoscopic resection for EGC Techniques of EMR were developed Well differentiated Limited to mucosa any size without ulceration < 3 cm with ulceration ESD vs EMR EGC > 20mm by conventional EMR High rate of local recurrence Indication for endoscopic resection by the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association Well differentiated Limited to mucosa < 20 mm in diameter Without ulceration GIE2011;74(3):495

Extended indications for EMR/ESD Gastric Cancer 2007;10: 1–11

EMR/ESD therapeutic outcomes in korea World J Gastroenterol 2011;17(21):2592-2596

1. ESD/EMR in EGC 2. ESD/EMR in low grade dysplasia or high grade dysplasia ??

1. Early gastric cancer (EGC) Adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa or submucosa. The 5-year survival rate in EGC : > 85% Lymph node (LN) metastasis 1-3 % of intramucosal tumors 11-20 % of submucosal tumors

5 year overall survival rate 95.8-95.3% in the absolute indication group 96.8% in the extended indication group

2. Gastric epithelial neoplasia Dysplasia Unequivocally neoplastic but non-invasive lesion by Grundmann in 1975, precanceous gastric lesion WHO committee Cellular atypia, abnormal differentiation, and disorganized architecture

Western vs japanese pathologists 서양 병리의사 동양 병리의사 Adenoma(선종) : 경계가 비교적 분명한 점막면으로부터 돌출한 병변 Dysplasia(형성이상): 융기 이외에 편평 / 함몰 병변 Cancer : 구조적 침범 동반시 진단 형성이상 상피세포는 동일하므로 병변의 모양 (융기형, 평탄형, 함몰형)에 관계없이 선종과 형성이상을 같은 개념으로 생각한다. Cancer : 침범 유무에 관계없이 심한 세포 이형성 동반

Grading systems

(1) Carcinoma - invasion (2) Low-grade dysplasia - regular distribution of crypts without severe branching, budding, or marked glandular crowding (3) High-grde dysplasia - nuclear pseudostratification > ½ cryptal cells in three or more adjacent crypts (4) Severe cytologic atypia – high risk of invasion (5) Structural or nuclear atypia should be evaluated - cribriform pattern, papillae, ridges, vesicular nuclei, high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, loss of nuclear polarity, thick and irregular nuclear membrane, and nucleoli

Natural history of gastric epithelial neoplasia Misdraji & Lauwers, Semin Diagn Pathol 2002;19:20-30

The endoscopic forceps biopsy is representative of the entire lesion ? Gut 2002;51:130-131

Gut and Liver 2011;5:187-193

High risk to progression to cancer Size > 2 cm Red color and surface erosion Villous > tubular adenoma Depressed > elevated or flat High grade > low grade dysplasia Low serum pepsinogen I/II ratio (< 3.0) ?

내시경 점막하 절제술 (ESD) 구분 시술범위 급여여부 현행 변경 위 선종 크기 등 제한 없음 절제된 조직이 3 cm 이상인 선종 및 이형성증 섬유화를 동반한 선종 급여 (본인일부부담) 점막하 종양 불인정 인정 조기암 궤양이 없는 2cm 이하의 분화형 조기암 (급여) 점막에 국한된 궤양이 없는 2 cm 이하의 분화형 조기암 (확대) 급여범위 외에 림프절 전이가 없는 조기암 (전액본인부담) 식도 림프절전이가 없는 조기암(원주의 2/3이하를 침범하는 경우) 선종 및 이형성증 대장 림프절 전이가 없는 조기암 크기 2㎝이상의 측방발육형종양 섬유화를 동반한 종양 1) 상기 시술범위는 조직을 일괄절제하는 경우 산정 2) 종양 및 암의 크기는 내시경 육안 소견으로 함 3) 보험재정에 상당한 부담을 초래하거나 대체가능한 시술이 있고 비용효과적 측면에서 상대적 고가인 경우 등은 본인부담률을 요양급여비용의 100분의 100으로 할 수 있도록 규정 (건강보험법 시행규칙 제10조) 2011.09.30 제16차 건강보험정책심의위원회

Conclusions Adenoma with HGD EMR/ESD Adenoma with LGD EMR/ESD > Follow up