视频实验展示 1 、纳米材料:颗粒尺寸介于 1nm-100nm 之间有 区别于宏观物质的特殊性能的材料 2 、纳米铁粉:吸波材料 …… 3 、淘宝价: 100g 纳米铁粉 2000 元; 普通铁粉 20 元.

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视频实验展示 1 、纳米材料:颗粒尺寸介于 1nm-100nm 之间有 区别于宏观物质的特殊性能的材料 2 、纳米铁粉:吸波材料 …… 3 、淘宝价: 100g 纳米铁粉 2000 元; 普通铁粉 20 元

胶体:分散质微粒直径在 1nm~100nm 之间的分散 系 计算:若单原子直径约为 0.1 nm ,球体积计算公 式 4∏R 3 /3 ,胶体颗粒中原子个数有多少?

聚焦生活 纳米氯化银的应用: 1 、纳米级 AgCl 牢牢吸附于织物的孔隙中,使 得织物具有杀菌、防紫外及去异味的作用。 2 、纳米氯化银胶体在有机废水处理中具有强 大的光催化降解性能。

实验探究 1 :如何利用 NaCl 溶液与 AgNO 3 溶 液间的反应制备 AgCl 胶体? 2mL 2mol/L NaCl AgNO 3 实验: 思考 1 :瞬间形成较大沉淀颗粒时溶液中 Ag + 与 Cl - 浓度如何变化?

想象中的 AgCl 沉淀形成过程 分析:胶核 — 吸附 — 带电 — 再吸附 — 长大

实验设计思路 思考 2 :若要控制胶核大小在胶粒范围,可以通 过什么方法实现? 思考 3 :根据 c=n/V ,若要控制混合溶液体积基 本恒定,可通过调整哪个变量以逐级减小溶液 浓度 思考 4 :由什么现象可以 “ 看到 ” 纳米级颗粒的存 在 —— 丁达尔现象

实验过程:纳米级 AgCl 制备 注意: 1 、试管按序排放 2 、滴管请勿混用 试管编号①②③④⑤ 溶质 NaCl 溶 液 (5 滴管 ) NaCl (10 滴 ) 取②号 溶液 (10 滴 ) 取③号 溶液 (10 滴 ) 取④号 溶液 (10 滴 ) 水 05mL AgNO 3 溶液 5滴5滴 5滴5滴 5滴5滴 5滴5滴 5滴5滴

实验现象: 试管编号①②③④⑤ 溶质 NaCl 溶 液 (5 滴管 ) NaCl (10 滴 ) ②溶液 (10 滴 ) ③溶液 (10 滴 ) ④溶液 (10 滴 ) 现象 丁达尔现 象 实验感悟: “ 看到 ” 颗粒大小的渐变过程,也 得到了纳米级别的 AgCl 颗粒 大量浑浊 浑浊很少浑浊无变化 无不明显较清晰清晰很清晰

思考 5 :通过什么方法得到其中 AgCl 颗粒? 半透膜 过滤

聚焦生活

摔不碎的陶瓷 : 西北工业大学, 摔不碎的陶瓷 2004 年国家技术发明奖一等奖 思考 6 :请设计实验方案获取纳米级 Al 2 O 3

实验探究 2 :纳米氧化铝的制备 步骤: I 、 AlCl 3 琼脂块浸泡入氨水溶液 II 、反应后混合物转移至蒸发皿蒸干烧结 III 、将少量固体分散至水中观察丁达尔现象

介绍:琼脂是海藻类植物中提取的胶质,其 凝胶具有网络结构,物质通过时会受到阻力, 大分子物质在涌动时受到的阻力更大。 思考 7 :如果得到的 Al 2 O 3 颗粒太大还能进一 步处理得到纳米级别吗?

实验启发:纳米粒子的制备方法: 聚集法:小颗粒变大 分散法:大颗粒变小