The Evolution of the Atmosphere: 4.6 billion years ago - present Mr. Chary.

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Presentation transcript:

The Evolution of the Atmosphere: 4.6 billion years ago - present Mr. Chary

Formed by colonies cyanobacteria. At least 3.5 billion years old. Carbon is stored in stromatolites. Fact: Chloroplasts are actually cyanobacteria living in plant cells! Stromatolites

Shark Bay, Australia Stromatolites, colonies of cyanobacteria, are alive in Australia today.

2-3 billion years ago: Little free oxygen Commonly occur in sedimentary rocks 2-3 billion years old. Alternating dark bands (containing FeO) and light bands of chert (silica and Fe 2 O 3 ). Occur from the deposition of alternately dissolved FeO & chert. “Bands” occur from fluctuating densities of bacteria in an ocean. When bacteria blossoms, it creates oxygen and thus chert, which falls to the ocean floor. An oxygen depletion allows for FeO. Banded iron formation

Red beds Occur earlier than 2 billion years ago. Form when iron is weathered out of rock in the presence of oxygen.

Summary Volcanoes add carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, and water vapour to the atmosphere. Single-celled plants begin to photosynthesize which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide and increases the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. The oxygen reacts with ammonia from volcanoes to add nitrogen to the atmosphere. Multi-celled plants evolved which adds even more oxygen to the atmosphere.

Review Questions Millions of years ago, the atmosphere contained the following gases: –Ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor. 1. Which of these gases has increased? 2. Which of these gases has decreased?

Review Questions 3. Does photosynthesis increase or decrease the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere? –WHY? 4. Does photosynthesis increase or decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? –WHY?

Review Questions 5. How did volcanoes change the atmosphere? 6. How did single-celled plants change the atmosphere? 7. How do multi-celled plants change the atmosphere?

To think about… How is the composition of the atmosphere changing today?

/ArcheanLandscape.jpg /Copper/Copper.html Picture Sources

Information Sources vol/EvolTimeline.HSM.ppt sses/spring2006/Griffith_ /LectureNotes/L36-Evolution-Life.ppt