Introduction to Migration Lesson Aims: To know the different categories of migrant and understand the reasons they choose to move from one place to another. Page Fish

Some key terms Migrants are people who move their ‘permanent’ residence from one country to another. Someone moving into a country is known as an immigrant. Someone leaving a country is known as an emigrant. The balance between immigration and emigration is known as the ‘net migration.’ There are many different types of migrant.

Types of migrant

Some key terms Displaced persons are... Voluntary migrants are... Illegal migrants are...

Migration Theory: Lee’s model Lee’s push–pull migration model For people to move, they need to be ‘pushed’ from their country of origin and ‘pulled’ to a another country. The majority of migrants are voluntary movers, doing so for largely economic reasons.

Push factorsIntervening obstaclesPull factors Poverty Unemployment Persecution and discrimination Civil unrest Transport and communications Knowledge Border controls Work and wages Higher living standards Education and welfare services Push Factors are... Pull Factors are... Intervening obstacles are... reasons people want to leave the place they currently live in. reasons people are attracted to another place. factors that get in the way of migration (i.e. make it more difficult).

To summarise... Migration is related to levels of development and wealth. As areas begin to prosper, they attract migrants. At the same time, existing inhabitants acquire the means to move further afield. In well developed, affluent areas, the desire to move is reduced by the simple fact that prospects are unlikely to be better elsewhere. These are your core areas/switched on/connected places!

Key = Economic Migration = Refugee Migration Historic migration into the UK 1948: Black Caribbean's (around 566,000) move to London to fill post war worker shortages.

Other migration flows into Europe Country of destination Where did immigrants come from? When did they arrive?Why did they come? United Kingdom Caribbean, Kenya, South Africa, Bangladesh, West Indies, Pakistan, Gujarat. Throughout 20 th century, but periods of note include 1950s when British Government actively recruited Bangladeshis to work in London, and 1960s – 1970s when Gujarati Asylum seekers were fleeing persecution from Idi Amin in Uganda. Early colonial connections encouraged movement within the empire. Recruitment of Bangladeshis into London and Indians to work in NHS (i.e. Economic migrants) Gujarati Indian asylum seekers. Netherlands Spain and Portugal Germany France Page 105 Globe

Current trends Illegal migrants: – Illegal immigration into Europe is focused on the ‘porous southern border’ – The Canaries, Malta, Ceuta and Melilla are key illegal entry points. – Much of the migration from Africa is ‘pushed’ by conflict and poverty and ‘pulled’ by Europe’s wealth Page 100 Fish

Current trends Asylum seekers: – The majority of asylum seekers are from middle and near eastern countries where political and ethnic difficulties exist. – Concern has been raised over the sheer number of migrants seeking asylum within the EU amid fears that many are actually economic migrants. Page Fish

Glossary of terms –learn them! Immigrant Emmigrant Net Migration Push Factor Pull Factor Intervening obstacle Intervening opportunity Displaced Person Voluntary Migrant Illegal immigrant Refugee Asylum Seeker