General Biology lab Lab 5 The Cell part (B)

Animal Cell Animals Are multicellular eukaryotes; they are heterotrophic that dependent for other organism for sustenance (ingest their food). Lack the distinctive cell walls of plants & fungi.

They consist of Nucleus : spherical body located in the central portion of the cell. Chromatin : the threadlike material within the nucleus. Nucleoplasm or nucleor sap : the fluid phase within the nucleus. Nucleolus: A tiny dark-stained body within the nucleus.

Nuclear envelope : the boundary around the nucleus. Cytoplasm :the fluids around the nucleus. Plasma membrane :the outer non-rigid boundary of cytoplasm.

Plant cell Plant Are multicellular eukaryotes, they are autotrophic, that obtain most of their energy from sunlight by photosynthesis

 Plant cells differ from animal cells in the following ways: 1.Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls. 2.There is a central vacuole that stores water. 3.Plant contain pigment. 4.There are chloroplasts which is the site of photosynthesis.

Plant organelles  Plastids Are organelles that found in plant their most prominent members are the chloroplasts. Type of plastids are 1.the chloroplasts 2.the chromoplasts (colored) 3.the leucoplast (colorless).

Chloroplast –Contain the green pigment, chlorophyll. – the site of photosynthesis. –the site ATP production.

which contain pigments other than chlorophyll Chromoplast

Leucoplasts may be further divided into groups based on physiological function : –Amyloplasts : accumulate starch (starch grains) –Elaioplasts : accumulate oils –Proteinoplasts : accumulate Protein

 The central vacuole –The central vacuole often occupies a large space within the cytoplasm of plant cells. –Under healthy conditions for plant cells, the central vacuole is large and produces turgor pressure against the cell wall.  The cell wall –located outside the cell membrane –Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.

Kingdom Fungi Fungi Are eukaryotic organisms their DNA is enclosed in a nucleus. Many of them may look plant-like, but fungi do not make their own food from sunlight like plant do. Fungi have cell walls made of chitin.

Fungi includeFungi include 1.The yeast – single-celled creature that exist individually –Yeast cell look like little round or oval blobs under microscope –They are too tiny to see as individuals, but you can see large clusters of them as a white powdery coating on fruits and leaves

2.Mold –is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae 1.Aspergillus 2.Penicillium  Example of mold :

Aspergillus sp

Penicillium sp.

3.Mushrooms Are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macro fungi. Typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.