Introduction to Information Technology MBA 1 st Course Lecturer Sadaf Zahra

Discussion Topic Week 3 Week 3 Computer Software & types of Software Computer Software & types of Software Programming Languages Programming Languages Compiler & Translators Compiler & Translators

Software Software/programs consist of all the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. Software/programs consist of all the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. These instructions come from a software developer in a form such as CD that will be accepted by the computer. These instructions come from a software developer in a form such as CD that will be accepted by the computer.

Types of Software 1. Application S/w 2. System S/w Operating System Operating System Device Drivers Device Drivers Utility Programs Utility Programs Language Translators Language Translators

Application S/w Application S/w Consist of programs that perform specific task for the users. Application S/w Consist of programs that perform specific task for the users. ways to obtain application S/w ways to obtain application S/w Commercial S/w /Packaged S/w Commercial S/w /Packaged S/w it is copy righted S/w.user get license after paying the company. it is copy righted S/w.user get license after paying the company. e.g. Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Office e.g. Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Office Microsoft Office XP. Microsoft Office XP.

Application S/w several types of license exist several types of license exist 1.Site License Allow the S/w to be used on all the computers at a specific location. Allow the S/w to be used on all the computers at a specific location. 2.A Concurrent License Allow a certain number of copies of the S/w to be used at the same time Allow a certain number of copies of the S/w to be used at the same time 3.Multiple User License The number of people use the S/w The number of people use the S/w 4.Single User License use by only 1 user at a time. use by only 1 user at a time.

Application S/w Public Domain S/w Public Domain S/w Free for all any one can download and distribute. Shareware Shareware On trial basis free or pay to continue using On trial basis free or pay to continue using Free ware Free ware Free but copyrighted,user can not resale Free but copyrighted,user can not resale

Application S/w Rent ware Rent ware user lease for a fee and downloaded whenever they want. E.g. ASP user lease for a fee and downloaded whenever they want. E.g. ASP Pirated S/w Pirated S/w this is obtain illegally, from friends but there is chance of virus this is obtain illegally, from friends but there is chance of virus Abandon ware Abandon ware Company have legal right to S/w for 95 years after that any 1 can use it. Company have legal right to S/w for 95 years after that any 1 can use it. Custom S/w Custom S/w special S/w for any organization develop by S/w engineers. special S/w for any organization develop by S/w engineers.

Types of Application S/w Entertainment S/w Entertainment S/w e.g. games etc Personal S/w Personal S/w medical,home user, gardening etc medical,home user, gardening etc Educational S/w Educational S/w Encyclopedia, phone books, SPSS Encyclopedia, phone books, SPSS Productivity S/w Productivity S/w web browser, word processing, spread sheet web browser, word processing, spread sheet Specialty S/w Specialty S/w Financial desktop,CAD, multimedia, video/audio editing Financial desktop,CAD, multimedia, video/audio editing

System Software system S/w serve as the interface b/w the user, application S/w & computer H/w. system S/w serve as the interface b/w the user, application S/w & computer H/w. Components Components Operating System / S/w Platform Operating System / S/w Platform It is the principle component of system S/w in any computing system. Some operating system run only specific computers e.g. Macintosh OS, Pen based system have S/w called Pen right. It is the principle component of system S/w in any computing system. Some operating system run only specific computers e.g. Macintosh OS, Pen based system have S/w called Pen right.

Types of Operating System Disk operating S/w Disk operating S/w Macintosh Operating System Macintosh Operating System Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows Network Operating System Network Operating System Windows NT/2000/2003 Windows NT/2000/2003 Unix Unix Linux Linux Operating system for Palm PC, Pocket PC Operating system for Palm PC, Pocket PC

Functions of Operating System Booting Booting is the process of loading an operating system into a main memory. is the process of loading an operating system into a main memory. Process Process 1. The power supply sends a signal to the components in the system unit. 2. The processor finds ROM that contains the BIOS (basic input/output system).

Functions of Operating System 3. The BIOS performs the POST (Power on self test) which checks components such as mouse, key board etc. 4. The result of the POST are compared with data in CMOS chip. 5. The BIOS looks for the system files in drive A some times CD or DVD drive and then Drive C

Functions of Operating System 6. The system files and kernel of the operating system load into memory (RAM) from storage (HD) 7. The operating system loads configuration information. may request user information. And display the desktop on the screen. -Cold boot: Power on computer by turning on the power switch. -Cold boot: Power on computer by turning on the power switch. -Warm Boot: When system is already on & restart system. -Warm Boot: When system is already on & restart system.

Functions of Operating System CPU Management: CPU Management: Operating sys manage the memory, it keeps track of the locations with in a main memory where the programs & data are stored. swapping data b/w main & secondary memory. Operating sys manage the memory, it keeps track of the locations with in a main memory where the programs & data are stored. swapping data b/w main & secondary memory. Getting On line: Getting On line: Queues: It is a first-in, first-out sequence of data. “wait in line”. Queues: It is a first-in, first-out sequence of data. “wait in line”. Buffers: The disk area where data wait for processing. Buffers: The disk area where data wait for processing. Spooling: Place in Buffer where data wait for printing. Spooling: Place in Buffer where data wait for printing.

Functions of Operating System Security Management: Security Management: O/s give the option of password to file & sys when multiple user. O/s give the option of password to file & sys when multiple user.

Task Management  Task Management: Task UserProcessorOrder Multitasking11Concurrently Multiprogrammi ng Multiple// Timesharing// Round robin Multiprocessing// Simultanously

Functions of Operating System File Management: File Management: O/s record the storage location of all files so it helps to find out the file. As well as handling the rename, move or deletion of any file. O/s record the storage location of all files so it helps to find out the file. As well as handling the rename, move or deletion of any file. - Organize files - Organize files Root directory top most directory Root directory top most directory Parent Directory Sub Directory Parent Directory Sub Directory C:mydocuments/Termpaper/IIT.doc C:mydocuments/Termpaper/IIT.doc C (HD) Root Directory Sub Directory filename&extention

Device Driver Device drivers help the computer to control peripheral devices. It allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. Device drivers help the computer to control peripheral devices. It allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. when user buy a new H/w then package will include a device driver for the new device. when user buy a new H/w then package will include a device driver for the new device. now a days some operating system automatically install other wise it display massage. now a days some operating system automatically install other wise it display massage.

Utility Programs Utility programs also known as service programs, perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources. they enhance existing functions, most computer come with built-in utilities as a part of system S/w. Utility programs also known as service programs, perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources. they enhance existing functions, most computer come with built-in utilities as a part of system S/w. e.g. Norton system & McAfee utilities. e.g. Norton system & McAfee utilities.

Utility programs Backup Backup Duplicate copy of the information on H/D. Duplicate copy of the information on H/D. Data Recovery Data Recovery It is used to restore data that has been physically damaged or corrupted. It is used to restore data that has been physically damaged or corrupted. Virus Protection Virus Protection It is used to scan all disks & memory to detect viruses & some time destroy at the spot. It is used to scan all disks & memory to detect viruses & some time destroy at the spot.

Utility programs File Defragmentation File Defragmentation It is used to find all the scattered files & reorganize in contiguous files. & speed up the system. It is used to find all the scattered files & reorganize in contiguous files. & speed up the system. Disk scanner & cleanup Disk scanner & cleanup It is used to scan & clean the unnecessary files. It is used to scan & clean the unnecessary files. Data compression Data compression It is used to remove redundant elements, gaps & unnecessary files from a computer's storage space so that less space is required to store. It is used to remove redundant elements, gaps & unnecessary files from a computer's storage space so that less space is required to store.

Language generations Programming language is a set of rules that tell the computer what operations to do. Machine language 1945 Machine language 1945 Basic language of computer. Basic language of computer. Assembly Language 1950 Assembly Language 1950 Low level,allows user to write prog in abbreviations Low level,allows user to write prog in abbreviations High Level & Procedural Language 1960 High Level & Procedural Language 1960 Resemble some human language such as English. Resemble some human language such as English. Visual Basic, COBOL, Fortarn Visual Basic, COBOL, Fortarn

Language generations Very High Level & Problem Oriented GL much more user oriented and allow user to develop programs with fewer commands. e.g. SQL, HTML, Java. 4GL much more user oriented and allow user to develop programs with fewer commands. e.g. SQL, HTML, Java. Natural Language GL are two types. 5GL are two types. First comprises ordinary human lang: English, Spanish. First comprises ordinary human lang: English, Spanish. 2 nd type Comprises more natural connection with computers. Turbo Pascal. 2 nd type Comprises more natural connection with computers. Turbo Pascal.

Translator It is software that translate programming language into machine language. It is software that translate programming language into machine language. Assemblers It is prog that translate assembly lang. into machine lang. Compilers It is prog that convert the whole prog into machine lang.& use source code. Interpreters It is prog that convert the prog lang into machine lang statement by statement.& execute it immediately.