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Back to Board Today’s Categories~ ~ Stages and Types of Memory ~ How we Encode ~ What we Encode ~ Retaining & Storing Information ~ Retrieval & Forgetting

Back to Board Stages & Types of Memory HOW we Encode WHAT we Encode Retaining & Storing Information Retrieval & Forgetting

Back to Board The process of getting information out of memory storage. What is Retrieval? Stages and Types of Memory: 10-

Back to Board The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. What is Sensory Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 20-

Back to Board The processing of information into the memory system; getting information into our brain. What is Encoding? Stages and Types of Memory : 30-

Back to Board Activated memory that holds a few items briefly; rehearsal is necessary for encoding. What is Short-term Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 40-

Back to Board A newer understanding of short- term memory that focuses on active processing of information. What is Working Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 50-

Back to Board What is Long-term Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 100- The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills and experience.

Back to Board Encoding that requires attention, time and conscious effort. What is Effortful Processing? How we Encode: 10-

Back to Board What is Rehearsal? The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. How we Encode: 20-

Back to Board Brains natural mode of information processing of many aspects of a problem or object simultaneously. What is Parallel Processing? How we Encode: 30-

Back to Board The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention rather than cramming. What is Spacing Effect? How we Encode: 40-

Back to Board Tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle. What is the Serial Position Effect? How we Encode: 50-

Back to Board German philosopher who completed early memory studies with nonsense syllables. How we Encode: 100- Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?

Back to Board Encoding information due to hearing words, making sounds, songs, poems, rhymes. What is Acoustic Encoding? What we Encode: 10-

Back to Board Encoding by organizing items into familiar, manageable units which often occurs automatically. What is Chunking? What we Encode: 20-

Back to Board Encoding information by adding meaning to the words; most important ingredient used for memory. What is Semantic Encoding? What we Encode: 30-

Back to Board Type of processing of information for encoding by thinking of picture images. What is Visual Encoding? What we Encode: 40-

Back to Board Organizing information for Encoding by putting the information into broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts. What are Hierarchies? What we Encode: 50-

Back to Board Broad organizational devices that are memory aids and include vivid imagery and peg-word systems. What are Mnemonics? What we Encode: 100-

Back to Board A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; sounds and words can be recalled within 3-4 seconds. What is Echoic Memory? Retaining & Storing Information : 10-

Back to Board An increase in a synapse's firing potential after a brief, rapid stimulation. What is LTP or Long-term Potentiation ? Retaining & Storing Information : 20-

Back to Board A very clear and vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. What is a Flashbulb Memory ? Retaining & Storing Information : 30-

Back to Board A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic memory; image lasts a few tenths of a second. What is Iconic Memory? Retaining & Storing Information : 40-

Back to Board Area in the brain where explicit memories are stored. What is the Hippocampus ? Retaining & Storing Information : 50-

Back to Board Type of memory that stores motor skills; retention is independent of conscious recollection. What is Implicit memory ? Retaining & Storing Information: 100-

Back to Board Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood: good, bad, sad, etc. What is Mood Congruent Memory? Retrieval & Forgetting: 10-

Back to Board In the Psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that supports “motivated forgetting”. What is Repression? Retrieval & Forgetting: 20-

Back to Board The lingering effects of misinformation that may be given to individuals that skews their perception of what they believe happened in a situation; one of the sins of distortion. What is Suggestibility? Retrieval & Forgetting: 30-

Back to Board When context cues from a current situation seem familiar and may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. What is Déjà vu? Retrieval & Forgetting: 40-

Back to Board Retrieval & Forgetting: 50- Unable to retrieve and recall old information due to new learning that may be similar. What is Retroactive Interference?

Back to Board Storage decay over time which contributes to forgetting; one of the 7 sins. What is Transience? Retrieval & Forgetting: 100-

Back to Board The End