1. Three Kinds of Memory 2. Three Processes of Memory 3. Three Stages of Memory 4. Forgetting and Memory Improvement Chapter 7: Memory

Bell Work: Chapter 7 Section 1 Get books/folders 1 st Ten Minutes 1. Read All of Pg Think of some general knowledge, experiences, and skills you hold in your memory a) List some skills you have, something you remember learning from Grade school, and some huge event you remember! b) We will create a class list and categorize them later 3. Task #1 a) Write down all the T/F on pg. 154 with a space underneath each statement to be fixed later on

Task #2: Quiet 10 Minutes In your Journal Write down the overall Question of Section 1 Then apply your PQ4R skills of Previewing and asking questions about your reading of Section 1 Hint: There should be 5 Questions The 1 st should be What is Memory The 2 nd should be What are the three kinds of memory You should be able to figure out the 3 other questions as well as answers by applying the 4 R’s (Read, Reflect, Recite, Review)

What is Memory Memory is the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills leaned in the past There a 3 KINDS OF MEMORY Episodic Memory Generic Memory Procedural Memory

What is episodic memory Episodic Memory is the memory of a specific event. Event that took place in the person’s presence, or the person experienced the event Flashbulb Memory Recalling events in great detail Some episodic memories are so intense that its as if we photographed many of the details Knowing exactly where you were when 9/11 happen is an example of this

What is Generic Memory? Generic Memory is the general knowledge that people remember Not really focused on when info was acquired Examples Who freed the slaves? Who is the president of the U.S? Name the capital of Nebraska

What is Procedural Memory? Procedural Memory consists of skills, or procedures, you have learned Examples: Riding a bike, Throwing a ball, Classroom rules/procedures

Lesson Closing Task #3 Copy down Chart on board into columns titled Episodic, Generic, and Procedural Memory Place the events listed into appropriate columns Task #4 Complete Thinking bout Psychology; pg. 155

Bell Work Get Books/Folders Task #1: Answer the 1 st True/False Turn to Task #4 Go over Answers to Thinking bout Psych

Activity Look at these Numbers for 30 Sec. Try and memorize them using any means necessary other than writing them down OTTFFSSENT

Task #5: PQ4R Section 2 Only Form the Questions as you will look back to use this for review Question 1: What are the 3 Processes of Memory? Question 2: What is encoding? What makes it up? Question 3: ?? Question 4: ?? Leave a line under each to possibly answer them!

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? Encoding Storage Retrieval What makes up each?

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Encoding Translation of information into a form it can be stored Changing physical stimulation received into psychological formats via Codes.

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Storage? 2 nd Process of memory Maintenance of encoded information over a period of time Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Org. Systems Filing Errors

What are the 3 Processes of Memory? What is Retrieval? Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought Context-Dependent State-Dependent Tip-o-Tongue

Lesson Closing Get w/ 9 o’clock partners Designate one partner the “Memory” and the other person the “Information” Information person will have information that will need to be given in 2 of the 3 types of codes (semantic, acoustic, visual) Memory will then be presented with the information a couple of times and then have to recall them in front of the class

Visual/Acoustic/Semantic Codes Visual Attempts to keep a mental picture as the memory Acoustic Repeating information many times Attempting to record information as a sequence of sounds Semantic Trying to figure out what the information might mean Attempting to represent the information in terms of its meaning? Can you Remember the Letters from before? 1

Storage Maintenance Rehearsal Repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it Think Practice, rehearsal, review work, etc Elaborative Rehearsal Making it meaningful by relating it to information already well known Using vocab. Words in sentences, L-J vocab is an example of this Org. Systems Organizing information into classes/groups as our knowledge expands and grows Filing Errors We often mislabel when storing our information much like that of losing things like papers, CDs, computer files (forgot where saved!) 2

Retrieval Context Memories that come back to you in that place Memory is b/c of the situation in which the person 1 st had the experience Think of Sayings/Rituals you may do in sports/activities May only be recalled later in life by re-visitation State Memories retrieved b/c the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated Happy feelings = Happy memories : Sad = Sad Tip-o-tongue Read Tip of Tongue pg. 160; often use semantic/acoustic codes 3

Bell Work Task #6 Thinking about Psychology (pg. 160) Go back and answer the 2 nd T/F of Task #1 (pg.157) Task #7 PQ4R Section 3: Question 1: What are the three stages of memory? Question 2: What is Sensory Memory? What makes it up? Question 3: ? Question 4: ?

Memory!!!?!?!?!?!?? Look at figure 7.1 on pg. 154; right down the words from it on the top of your notes, do not draw them!

What are the 3 Stages of Memory?

Stages of Memory: Copy this down!

What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Sensory Memory? 1 st Stage of Memory Immediate, initial recording of information through our senses Mental pictures we take from visual stimuli are called Icons

What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Short Term Memory? Also called Working Memory Whenever you are thinking of something, met a new person, acquire new knowledge you attempt to remember it is here

What are the 3 Stages of Memory? What is Long Term Memory 3 rd /Final Stage Taking certain steps to store it there Repetition is key!! Maintenance and Elaborative Capacity of Memory Memory as Reconstructive Schemas

Lesson Closing Revisit Task #1 Answer T/F #3 from pg. 161 Task #8 Pg.165: Read/Answer Psychology in the World Today HW for tomorrow (Worksheet) Completion Grade on everything but Ways to Improve and Forgetting

Iconic/Eidetic/Echoic Memory Iconic Memory Like Snapshots, just a fraction of a second Eidetic Memory Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time Think “Photographic Memory” Echoic Memory Mental traces of sounds Held longer, and easier to remember than visual codes Saying things aloud or to yourself makes them easier 1

Primacy/Recency/Chunking/Interf. Primacy Effect Tendency to recall initial items in a series of items Remembering the 1 st things Recency Effect Tendency to recall last items in a series Chunking Organization of items into manageable or familiar unit. Think of OTTFFSSENT easier to remember as O TT FF SS ENT; here its 5 chunks before 10 letters Interference Occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes place of what was already there 2

Capacity/Reconstructive/Schemas Capacity of Memory Can hold the equivalent of vast numbers of videos/films of our lifetime of experience; more likely to remember things that make an impact on us and are paying close attention to Memory as Reconstructive Memories are not recorded and played back just like Videos but instead RECONSTRUCTED according to the personal and individual ways we view the world Schemas Mental representations that we form the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge are called schemas 3