Pneumonia

Pneumonia: inflammatory illness of the lungs Pneumonia: inflammatory illness of the lungs May result from bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungi infections or chemical or physical injury May result from bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungi infections or chemical or physical injury Streptococcus Pneumoniae—most common cause Streptococcus Pneumoniae—most common cause

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Usually results when bacteria or viruses that are normally present in the nose, mouth, or throat enter the lungs Usually results when bacteria or viruses that are normally present in the nose, mouth, or throat enter the lungs These settle in the air sacs and multiply These settle in the air sacs and multiply

Pneumonia ©

The lungs fill with fluid and pus while trying to fight the infection The lungs fill with fluid and pus while trying to fight the infection However, the cause may also be idiopathic However, the cause may also be idiopathic

Over 3 million people in the US develop pneumonia each year Over 3 million people in the US develop pneumonia each year Approximately 5% of these people die Approximately 5% of these people die It is the 6 th leading cause of death in the US It is the 6 th leading cause of death in the US

Chest X-Ray—Pneumonia

Signs and Symptoms Usually begins with cold-like symptoms Usually begins with cold-like symptoms Fever develops Fever develops Chills Chills Cough with sputum Cough with sputum Usually discolored or bloody Usually discolored or bloody Breathlessness Breathlessness Chest pain (only if pleura is involved) Chest pain (only if pleura is involved)

Pleura © 35

Pleura: thin, transparent membrane that covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall Pleura: thin, transparent membrane that covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall The only place where pain fibers are found on the lungs are near the pleura The only place where pain fibers are found on the lungs are near the pleura

Person may become pallor…why? Person may become pallor…why?

Treatment Bacterial and fungal causes can be treated with antibiotics Bacterial and fungal causes can be treated with antibiotics Vaccines available for two types of pneumonia Vaccines available for two types of pneumonia

Diagnosis Doctor may hear coarse breathing or crackling sounds when listening to the lungs Doctor may hear coarse breathing or crackling sounds when listening to the lungs Chest x-ray Chest x-ray If one or more lobes of the lungs is affected: lobar pneumonia If one or more lobes of the lungs is affected: lobar pneumonia

Sputum sample Sputum sample Culture is grown and checked for bacteria Culture is grown and checked for bacteria Blood test Blood test White blood cell count White blood cell count Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy

Normal Lung and Pneumonia ©

Normal Lung Tissue

Pneumonia

Lobar Pneumonia © mall.jpg