The “Forgotten Presidents” Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore (Taylor’s V.P.) Franklin Pierce James Buchanan All lacked leadership skills that were needed at a time of crisis

Note the addition of states & territories to the United States Look at the map on page 486. How many slave states & free states in 1854? Which sided had the political advantage pro-slavery or anti-slavery? Interactive map

Open books to page 491

Ch – Slavery Dominates Politics Today’s Learning Targets: Explain how the slavery issue led to political divisions Identify events that brought the nation to the brink of civil war Ch – Slavery Dominates Politics Today’s Learning Targets: Explain how the slavery issue led to political divisions Identify events that brought the nation to the brink of civil war

Explain how the slavery issue affected political parties: Explain how the slavery issue affected political parties:

or explain how the slavery issue led to political divisions So... do this – consider the effects of slavery on the Whig Party, Republican Party, & the Democratic Party... or explain how the slavery issue led to political divisions So... do this – consider the effects of slavery on the Whig Party, Republican Party, & the Democratic Party...

Slavery & Political Division  Kansas-Nebraska Act tears Whigs apart  Southern Whigs join Democrats  Northern Whigs join Republicans  Anti Slavery  Oppose Kansas-Neb Act  John C. Fremont 1856 Presidential Candidate James Buchanan wins (more compromise) Fremont wins all Northern states showing strength  Pro slavery/tolerate it  Supports states’ rights  Favor limited govt  James Buchanan 1856 Presidential candidate 1.Whigs (split) 2. Republicans (new) Election 3. Democrats (Created division)

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Fremont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party (what’s left of Whigs) √ James Buchanan John C. Fremont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party (what’s left of Whigs)

1856 Election Results

John C. Fremont Republican Republicans liked Fremont for two main reasons:  No slavery in territories  very electable

James Buchanan Democrat The Democrats nominated Buchanan because:  He had spoken neither for/nor against the Kansas- Nebraska Act  Said very little about slavery. His goal was to maintain the Union  He appealed to - Southerners - upper south & border states - Northerners feared Fremont’s election could tear the nation apart

Identify events that brought the nation to the brink of civil war Identify events that brought the nation to the brink of civil war

The Breaking Point Radical abolitionist raid on Harpers Ferry His trial & hanging further divides the nation (Hero or Terrorist?) “Martyr” Effect Court rules against Scott not a citizen/he is property Banning slavery in territories violates Slaveholders’ property rights 5. Dred Scott p.493 debate for Illinois Senate seat views on Slavery expansion? Douglas= (popular sovereignty) Lincoln= (no expansion!) Lincoln-Douglas Debate p John Brown p.497

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

The “Little Giant” Stephen Douglas & Popular Sovereignty The “Little Giant” Stephen Douglas & Popular Sovereignty

“ Honest Abe” Abraham Lincoln Prevent slavery expansion “ Honest Abe” Abraham Lincoln Prevent slavery expansion

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s hanging

1. Dred Scott Decision Supporters Reasons for support  Proslavery forces  Antislavery forces  Neither 2.Douglas, in the Lincoln-Douglas debates  Proslavery forces  Antislavery forces  Neither  Proslavery forces  Antislavery forces  Neither 3.Lincoln, in the Lincoln-Douglas debates 4. John Brown’s hanging  Proslavery force  Antislavery forces  Neither X X X X Allowed to take slave to any state or terr. & protected by Const. Proslavery wanted a chance to expand slavery He wanted to prevent slavery from moving into the territories Saw it as an act of rebellion

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 ß Northern Whigs. ß Northern Democrats. ß Free-Soilers. ß Know-Nothings. ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act. ß Northern Whigs. ß Northern Democrats. ß Free-Soilers. ß Know-Nothings. ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

View Story of US – John Brown The Presidents: Taylor to Lincoln

View Story of US – John Brown