Cancer Thursday: Exam Bring: Pencil and green scantron

Learning objectives Cancer occurs when regulation of the cell cycle fails. Checkpoints in the cell cycle normally prevent cell reproduction, but if they fail, the cell could become cancerous. Understand what normally controls cell division, and why that control fails. Cancer is a genetic disease, but not usually inherited. Risk factors : exposures to carcinogens How does treatment work?

Tumors recruit blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients. Tumors secrete Growth factors that promote angiogenesis (formation of blood vessels

Cancer is a genetic disease …... but not usually inherited Most cancers in somatic cells (not germline (sex) cells) Carcinogenesis – transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell Carcinogens – any agent involved in the promotion of cancer – Smoke – Radiation / sun – Chemicals – Infectious diseases

Risk Factors Family history – But only 5% of cancers are inherited Tobacco use – 30% of all cancers and 87% of lung cancer Smokeless tobacco – Oral and pancreatic cancers Diet – Eat fruits and vegetables – Avoid charred meats – Avoid preserved meats

Risk factors Being sedentary – Moving helps push food through your intestines, limiting exposure to carcinogens Alcohol Irregular medical care – Cancer goes undetected Sunlight and other radiation Chemical carcinogen exposure Infectious agents (eg. HPV for cervical cancer)

Surgery Removal of cancerous tissue Radiation Kills cancer cells Chemotherapy Uses chemicals to kill cancer cells Biological immunotherapy Strengthens immune system Transplants Particularly Bone Marrow for leukemias