By: Jena Rowland Joliene Rarer Nathan Stewart Sami Metzger

The conscious versus the unconscious  The conscious versus the unconscious mind:  Conscious mind: is what you’re aware of at a particular moment and it includes memories, thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and fantasies.  Unconscious mind: things you aren’t aware of, such as drives or instincts or memories and emotions associated with trauma. This is the source of our motivation.

The id, the ego, and the superego Id Pleasure principle This consists of the instincts and drives or wishes which is called the primary process. Ego Reality principle It represents reality and reason. Searches for objects to satisify wishes. Superego Made of conscious and ego ideal Keeps track of rewards and punishments. Not completed until age 7 and in some people it is never complete.

The Dream Theory  Freud believes that sex is the root cause of what occurs in your dreams. Every long, slender or elongated object represents the male genitalia, while any cavity or hole denotes the female genitalia.  The manifest content is what the dream seems to be saying. It is often bizarre and nonsensical.  The reason you struggle to remember your dreams, is because the superego is at work. It is doing its job by protecting the conscious mind from the disturbing images and desires conjured by the unconscious.  The desires of the id can be so disturbing and even psychologically harmful that a censor comes into play and translates the id's disturbing content into a more acceptable symbolic form.

The Defense Mechanism AnxietyDenial  It’s unpleasant inner state that people seek to avoid. It acts as a signal to the ego that things are not going right.  There are three types of anxiety:  · Neurotic is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior.  Reality is fear of real-world events.  Moral involves a fear of violating our own moral principles.  Probably one of the best known defense mechanisms, used often to describe situations in which people seem unable to face reality or admit an obvious truth.  It is an outright refusal to admit or recognize that something is/has occurred.  Repression acts to keep information out of conscious awareness.  Suppression is forcing the unwanted information out of our awareness.  In most cases, however, this removal of anxiety-provoking memories from our awareness is believed to occur unconsciously.

The Life and Death Instincts Life InstinctsDeath Instincts  Freud saw all human behavior as motivated by the drives or instincts.  These instincts show:  Motivating him or her to seek food and water.  Motivating him or her to have sex.  He called this motivational energy libido.  Later in life, Freud began to believe that the life instincts didn’t tell the whole story.  Freud believed that the goal of life is death.  He feels that every persons unconscious wish is death.

The Developmental Stages  ORAL STAGE: lasts from birth to about 18 months.  The focus of pleasure is the mouth. Sucking and biting are favorite activities.  ANAL STAGE: lasts from about 18 months to three or four years old.  The focus of pleasure is the anus. Holding it in and letting it go are greatly enjoyed.  PHALLIC STAGE: lasts from three or four to five, six, or seven years old.  The focus of pleasure is the genitalia. Masturbation is common.  LATENT STAGE: lasts from five, six, or seven to puberty, that is, somewhere around 12 years old.  While most children seem to be fairly calm, sexually, during their grammar school years, perhaps up to a quarter of them are masturbating and playing "doctor."  GENITAL STAGE: begins at puberty, and represents the resurgence of the sex drive in adolescence.  The focus of pleasure is sexual intercourse. Freud felt that masturbation, oral sex, homosexuality, and many other things we find acceptable in adulthood today, were immature.

Penis Envy

Asceticism  is the renunciation of needs.  It has become relevant again today with the emergence of the disorder called anorexia.  Preadolescents, when they feel threatened by their emerging sexual desires, may unconsciously try to protect themselves by denying, not only their sexual desires, but all desires.  They get involved in some kind of ascetic (monk- like) lifestyle wherein they renounce their interest in what other people enjoy.

Isolation  involves stripping the emotion from a difficult memory or threatening impulse.  A person may acknowledge that they had been abused as a child, or may show a purely intellectual curiosity in their newly discovered sexual orientation.  Something that should be a big deal is treated as if it were not.

Projection  is almost the complete opposite of turning against the self.  It involves the tendency to see your own unacceptable desires in other people.  In other words, the desires are still there, but they're not your desires anymore.

Undoing  involves "magical" gestures or rituals that are meant to cancel out unpleasant thoughts or feelings after they've already occurred.

Therapy Relaxed Atmosphere  The client feels to express anything. Free Association  With relaxation the unconscious conflicts will inevitably drift to the fore. Resistance This is when the client tries to change the topic or skip appointments. Dream Analysis People are less resistant to their unconscious. Parapraxes This is a slip of the tounge. Also called a Freudian Slip.

oer/freud.html