Settling the Northern Colonies

1a. Puritanism and Pilgrims  Religion was the main motivation of the settlers of New England.  They were inspired by John Calvin  Main elements of their beliefs 1) God is all good, man is all bad 2) God, in His grace, has already chosen an elect group to save (predestination) 3) You can tell if someone is saved through “signs of conversion” (holy behavior) 4) Only the “elect” and “converted” can be a part of the Puritan church

Puritans

1b. Puritanism and Pilgrims  The Puritans were trying to purify the Ch. Of E. by removing all of the Catholic influences from it.  The Pilgrims were a little different, they didn’t want to fix the Church of England, they were separatists, and they wanted to all out leave IMMEDIATELY. Puritans stuck around a little longer to see if things would get better…  1620 – The Pilgrims set sail aboard the Mayflower to the New World.  1630 – Things didn’t get better for the Puritans and they left 10 years later.

1c.,d. Puritanism and Pilgrims  The Mayflower Compact was important because it was a promising step towards self-government in North America.  Along with the House of Burgesses, and the Puritan town meetings, democracy was being born in the colonies.  1691 – The Pilgrims eventually merged with the massive Massachusetts Bay Colony.

2a.,b. The Massachusetts Bay Colony  At first, the Puritans didn’t plan on leaving like the Pilgrims did. They wanted to fix the Church of England, so why did they end up leaving?  1629 – Parliament began to sanction anti-Puritan persecutions.  So, they received a charter from the King and formed the Massachusetts Bay Company.  They set out, led by John Winthrop, for the New World.  Winthrop wanted the Massachusetts colony to be a model community for the whole world.

John Winthrop

New England Colonies

2c., d. The Massachusetts Bay Colony  Landowning men were the power holders in the Mass. colony.  The Puritans did NOT believe in separation of church and state; religious rules were a part of their laws

2c., d. The Massachusetts Bay Colony  Anne Hutchinson  Strong-willed and talkative woman  Eventually she was banished for believing she received revelations from God  Roger Williams  Young man with radical ideas  He would be banished to  Williams fled to the Rhode Island area and established a congregation, and gave religious freedom to Jews and Catholics  Hutchinson soon followed  It secured a charter in 1644 and officially became a colony  It’s most distinguishing characteristic was its religious tolerance and liberal approach to religion and other views

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson

Rhode Island w/ Mass. And Plymouth Colonies

3. New England Spreads Out  From Massachusetts, spawned four other colonies:  Connecticut –  Rhode Island – 1636  New Haven – 1638  New Hampshire – 1679

New England Colonies

3. New England vs. Natives  The Puritans did not get along well with the Natives  The Pequot War – 1637  King Phillip’s War – 1675  The significance of King Phillip’s War?  The Native Americans were pushed out of New England for good afterward.

4. New Netherland / New York  In addition to the English, the Spanish, and the French, the Dutch (Netherlands) were also exploring and colonizing the New World, though they were much smaller  Henry Hudson & the Dutch East India Company  New Amsterdam was the major Dutch trading city in North America  Dutch families also built homes alone the Hudson River.

4. New Netherland / New York  Peter Stuyvesant – able governor who helped defend and solidify the colony  The problem was: The English were growing and were much more powerful  The Dutch didn’t stand a chance  The English army showed up and Stuyvesant surrendered without a fight  1664 – New Amsterdam becomes New York

5a. – c. William Penn and the Middle Colonies  The Quakers were quite different from most European settlers  1) They took no oaths because Jesus commanded never to swear oaths.  2) They believed that they were all children in the sight of God.  William Penn’s objective in founding the Pennsylvania colony was to establish a place of refuge for the Quakers and to experiment with his ideas for government.  Native American relations in Pennsylvania started out great, however the Quakers let EVERYONE in, and many new non-Quaker settlers who didn’t care for Natives came in and still treated them cruelly.

William Penn

Penn and the Native Americans

5d. William Penn and the Middle Colonies  The Middle Colonies (PA, DE, NJ, NY)  They were different in a couple of ways  1) The soil was fertile and broad  2) There were many sources of fresh water, the Susquehanna, the Delaware, and the Hudson Rivers

The Pennsylvania Colony w/the Other Middle Colonies

FRQ 1  Analyze the extent to which religious freedom existed in the British North American colonies prior to 1700.

FRQ 2  Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures. Analyze how the actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in TWO of the following regions. Confine your answer to the 1600s. NEW ENGLAND – MA, RH, CT CHESAPEAKE – PA, VA, MD, DE, NY SPANISH SOUTHWEST NEW YORK AND NEW FRANCE

FRQ – Due Monday 8/18/14  For the period before 1750, analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society as illustrated in the following:  Legislative assemblies  Commerce  Religion