Causes of the War: Ch. 15 Previously Discussed….. Nullification Act (No High Tariffs or South Secedes) Missouri Compromise (Henry Clay) Sectionalism Different Economies (Cotton vs. Manufacturing) States Rights vs. Federal Government

Slave State vs. Free State Wilmot Proviso – No slavery in any new lands (Mexican – Cession) Calhoun’s Argument – Government has no authority to control slavery in new territories Neither argument wins in congress but makes people very upset Zachary Taylor (Whig) becomes President and helps California become a free state. Southerners fear that all new territory will be free and talk about leaving Union.

Henry Clay’s 5 Part Plan to Save the Union 1. California – Free State 2. New Mexico – Slavery Allowed 3. New Mexico/Texas border decided 4. Slave Trade Abolished in D.C. 5. Strong Fugitive Slave Law

Zachary Taylor is against Clay’s plan but suddenly dies in office (infection in intestines) New President Millard Fillmore allows congress to vote on Clay’s plan. The plan passes and is know as the Compromise of 1850.

Fugitive Slave Act Requires all citizens to aid in the capture of escaped slaves or face fines/prision. South steps up efforts to catch slaves. North created underground rail road. Northern judges don’t uphold the law Makes South ANGRY!

Kansas – Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas – Get rid of Missouri Compromise and allow popular sovereignty (voting) to decide slavery in new states of Kansas and Nebraska. Convinced many in the North that the South cannot be reasoned with.

Bleeding Kansas Pro Slavery and Anti Slavery groups flood the state. Two state governments are put in place and eventually go to war in Kansas. Eventually the Anti Slavery side wins the war under Governor John Geary.

1854 – Anti Slavery Whigs and Democrats join with Free Soilers to create the new Republican party. There main purpose is to stop slavery. Democrat James Buchanan wins 1856 Presidency with almost all southern support.

Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave whose owner took him to live in free states. His owner died and Scott sued his wife for his freedom. Chief Justice Taney found 4 things: 1. Scott could not sue because he was property not a citizen. 2. Because he was property, he could not be legally taken away. 3. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and so was popular sovereignty. 4. They were unconstitutional because neither the government nor the people had the right to take away someone’s property. The decision further separates the country.

Still More Separation 1858 Senate race sees Abraham Lincoln gain popularity even though he loses. An attack on Harpers Ferry, VA attempts to arm slaves and start a revolt in the South. The attack is stopped and the South finds out the attack is backed by white, northern, abolitionists.

The Election of 1860 The Democrats cannot agree and nominate three different people for president. The Republicans are united and nominate Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln wants no new slave states. Lincoln wins because the North outvotes the South. Lincolns name is not even on Southern ballots. THIS IS THE LAST STRAW FOR THE SOUTH!

The South Leaves the Union Nov. 20, 1860 S.C. holds a special vote and leaves the Union. By 1861 T.X., L.A., M.I., A.L., F.L. and G.A. leave as well. On Feb they meet in Montgomery A.L. to create the Confederate States of America and elect Jefferson Davis their president.

The South Leaves Cont. The South said they were justified for leaving because: 1. They entered the Union willingly and could leave willingly. 2. They saw the constitution as voluntary. 3. The North would not enforce the Fugitive Slave Act or give them equal states rights.

Lincoln Reacts Lincoln says that secession is unlawful and will not be permitted. He pleads for reconciliation. The pieces for war are in place!

T-I-S-S-U-E T-ARRIFFS I-NDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE S-TATES’ RIGHTS S-LAVERY U-NDERGROUND RAILROAD E-LECTION OF 1860