1 9 th Grade Computer Science Rotation Hardware

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3  Central Processing Unit (CPU)  Input/Output Devices  Primary Memory  Secondary Memory  Virtual Memory  Baud Rate – Bits per Second  Motherboard  BIOS  Driver  Resolution Hardware Terms

4 Hardware: Motherboard BIOS ROM Chip Battery RAM Slots CPU Auxiliary Card Connector AGP Slot

5 Hardware  A computer consists of five major subsystems: 1.Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2.Primary memory - RAM 3.Secondary Memory - Storage devices 4.Input/Output devices (user interface) 5.Network connection Computer Hardware

6 Computer Hardware - Subsystems pf SPEAKERS Microphone Monitor Keyboard CPU RAM NETWORK drivers Secondary Storage User Interface

7 Drivers

8 Operating System REQUEST Drivers DATA Epson Samsung ? Print my paper! Drivers Instruction

9 iMac Motherboard

10 Tape Drives – sequential access

11 Intel 8080 – April bit processing 108 kHz (a tenth of 1 megahertz) 3500 transistors. Speed estimated at 0.5 MIPS Cost less than $100. Installed in most traffic- light controllers Intel 4004 – Nov bit processing 108 kHz (a tenth of 1 megahertz) 2300 transistors. Speed estimated at 0.06 MIPS Cost less than $100. IBM 64-bit processing 1-trillionth of an inch 270 billion transistors Intel Pentium 4 – Nov bit processing 1.4 MHz 55 Million transistors MIPS Computer Hardware – CPU/Memory

12 Computer Hardware – CPU/Memory

13 Base 2 Position Base Value Number Value Total Computer Hardware – CPU/Memory BinaryDecimalHexGraphic A B C D E F G H I A J B K C L BinaryDecimalHexGraphic ‘ a b c d e f g h i A j B k C l Base 2 Position Base Value Number Value Total =

14  Computer starts in the following order: 1.Power On Self Test (POST) 2.Load BIOS (from Read Only Memory) 3.Load O/S 4.Load Applications Computer Boot Process

15 Computer Hardware – Boot Sequence  Operating System DISK CPU RAM Operating System fetch O/S load O/S

16 Computer Hardware – Memory/Virtual Memory  O/S  Word  Explorer  iTunes Operating System Internet Explorer MS Word CPU RAM Internet Explorer DISK aim itunes Swapping  aim

17 Computer Hardware – Disk Format – Prepare disk to store data TRACK SECTOR BAD SECTOR

: 228 MB 1971: 80 KB 1978: 360 KB 1987: 1.44 MB 1996: 100 MB Data Storage

19 Computer Hardware – Disk

20 Computer Hardware - Display  Bitmap  “Pixels” - Monitor divided into grid of Picture Elements  Image created by displaying a color in each pixel.  Refresh Rate – Number of times the screen redraws in one second.  Resolution = Total number of screen pixels 1024 x 768 is common for most screens1024 x 768 is common for most screens 1024 px 768 px 786,432 px

21 Computer Hardware - Resolution

22 Computer Hardware - Display 1920 px 1200 px 2,304,000 px

px 1200 px 2,304,000 px Computer Hardware - Resolution

24 Computer Hardware - Display If the computer redraws every pixel on a monitor ( 1024 columns and 768 rows of pixels) 30 times a second, how many pixels get redrawn every minute? a) 23,592,960 b) 1024 x 768 x 30 c) 1024 x 768 x 60 d) More than one of the above Answer: 1024 x 768 x 30 x 60 = Answer: 1024 x 768 x 30 x 60 = 1,415,577,600

25 Computer Hardware - Display  Color  Created by combining different amounts of primary colors Red, Green and Blue (RGB)  Color Depth = Number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel. So… R = 8 bits G = 8 bits B = 8 bitsR = 8 bits G = 8 bits B = 8 bits x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 possible colors256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 possible colors Color Wheel

26 Computer Hardware – Modem Speed

27 Computer Hardware – Modem Speed

28 Computer Build Back Power Supply Hard Disk CD-ROM CPU Motherboard RAM

29 Computer Build Power Supply Hard Disk CD-ROM Auxiliary cards CPU Motherboard Data Connectors Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

30 Computer Build Hard Disk CD-ROM FRONT Floppy Disk

31 Computer Build Hard Disk CD-ROM Floppy Disk Power Connector

32 Computer Build Hard Disk CD-ROM Audio Power Connectors Data Connectors

33 Computer Build Motherboard Power Connector Fan/Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

34 Computer Build CPU Motherboard Power Connector Fan/Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

35 Computer Build – Self Test Power Supply Hard Disk CD-ROM Auxiliary cards CPU Motherboard Data Connectors Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

36 Computer Build – Self Test CPU Motherboard Power Connector Fan/Heat Sink (Cooling) RAM

37 Brain vs. Computer