Translation mRNA tRNA rRNA Amino Acids Proteins. Protein Synthesis & Translation.

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Translation mRNA tRNA rRNA Amino Acids Proteins

Protein Synthesis & Translation

Translation Definition: Converting the message in mRNA into a protein Where: Ribosomes When: AFTER transcription

Terminology for Translation

Codon Located on mRNA 3 Nucleotide Combination (triplet) Complementary to the DNA code __________________________ _____________________________ DNA strand A T C G T A C G C U A GC A UG C G mRNA strand

Circle the Codons _______________________________ C G A T C G A T G DNA strand G C U A G C U A C mRNA strand

Circle the Codons _______________________________ A T G G C T T A G DNA strand U A C C G A A U C mRNA strand

Start Codon Role: Codon sequence on mRNA where translation begins Start Codon AUG

Stop Codon Role: mRNA codon that if present STOPS translation Stop Codons UAA UAG UGA

Anticodon Located on tRNA 3 base sequence that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon

Amino Acids Brought to the ribosome by tRNA A group of amino acids form a protein (polypeptide) ALWAYS use the mRNA codon to determine the name of the amino acid Amino acid tRNA

Converting mRNA Codon Sequences into Amino Acids Naming Amino Acids 1st Letter: Left Side 2nd Letter: Top of Chart 3rd Letter: Right Side of Chart Where the 3 Come Together is the Correct Amino Acid

Practice Naming Amino Acids mRNA CodonAmino Acid CAC GCC UGU CUU GGA

TRANSLATION DNAmRNA Codon tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid GCU AAC GAU CGA UUG CUA ARG LEU CGA TTG CTA

Steps to Translation 1) tRNA brings amino acid to START codon in the P site 2) The A sites then fills with a tRNA 3) The tRNA in the A site transfers to the P site. The tRNA in the P site is released 4) The Amino acids in the P and A site come together forming a polypeptide 5) STEPS 3-4 keep occurring until it reaches a STOP codon 6) Polypeptide and tRNA are released and the ribosome breaks apart after reaching the STOP codon

Parts

Step 1 tRNA brings amino acid to START codon to the P site of the ribosome The anticodon on the tRNA compliments the codon on mRNA

Step 2 The A sites then fills with a tRNA The anticodon on the tRNA compliments the codon on mRNA

Steps 3 and 4 The tRNA in the A site transfers to the P site. The tRNA in the P site is released. The Amino acids in the P and A site come together forming a polypeptide

Step 5 STEPS 3 and 4 keep occurring

Step 6 Polypeptide (protein) and tRNA are released and the ribosome breaks apart after reaching the STOP codon

Translation How the conversion of mRNA into Proteins Works.

Protein Synthesis