Chapter 10: Agriculture Agriculture – deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain

Agricultural Statistics Average human is a subsistence farmer Average human is a subsistence farmer 97% of all farmers are found in LDC’s 97% of all farmers are found in LDC’s ½ of all people in LDC’s are farmers ½ of all people in LDC’s are farmers 2% of Americans are farmers 2% of Americans are farmers Who produces more food per person? Who produces more food per person? How farmers work is influenced by dietary preferences, technology, and cultural traditions How farmers work is influenced by dietary preferences, technology, and cultural traditions Distribution of farmer globally & locally Distribution of farmer globally & locally Culture and environment influence how it is produced Culture and environment influence how it is produced

Origin of Agriculture Origin of Agriculture Origin of Agriculture Hunters & Gatherers Hunters & Gatherers Invention of Agriculture Invention of Agriculture Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Purpose of Farming Purpose of Farming Percentage of Farmers in the Labor Force Percentage of Farmers in the Labor Force Use of Machinery Use of Machinery Farm Size Farm Size Farming & other business Farming & other business

Agriculture in LDC’s Shifting Cultivation Shifting Cultivation Characteristics of SC Characteristics of SC Process Process Crops Crops Ownership Ownership Future of SC Future of SC Pastoral Nomadism Pastoral Nomadism Characteristics of PN Characteristics of PN Choice of Animals Choice of Animals Movements Movements Future of PN Future of PN

Agriculture in LDC’s Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Intensive Subsistence Agriculture IS with wet rice dominant IS with wet rice dominant IS with Wet Rice Not Dominant IS with Wet Rice Not Dominant Plantation Farming Plantation Farming

Agricultural Regions in MDC’s Mixed Crop & Livestock Farming Mixed Crop & Livestock Farming Characteristics Characteristics Crop rotation Crop rotation Dairy Farming Dairy Farming Regional distribution Regional distribution Challenges Challenges Grain Farming Grain Farming Livestock Ranching Livestock Ranching Mediterranean Agriculture Mediterranean Agriculture Commercial Gardening & Fruit Farming Commercial Gardening & Fruit Farming

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties? Challenges for Commercial Farmers Challenges for Commercial Farmers Access to Markets Access to Markets Overproduction Overproduction Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Land management Land management Use of chemicals Use of chemicals Integration of crops & livestock Integration of crops & livestock Challenges for Subsistence Farmers Challenges for Subsistence Farmers Subsistence farming & Population Growth Subsistence farming & Population Growth New farming methods New farming methods Land left unplanted for shorter times Land left unplanted for shorter times Subsistence Farming & International Trade Subsistence Farming & International Trade Drug Crops Drug Crops

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties? Strategies to Increase Food Supply Strategies to Increase Food Supply Expanding Agriculture Land Expanding Agriculture Land Increasing productivity Increasing productivity ID new food sources ID new food sources Increasing Trade Increasing Trade