Chapter 1 Matter&Change

“The Study of Change” Chemistry – the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Branches of Chemistry Organic – study of compounds based on carbon structures. Inorganic – study of compound of all other atoms Physical – study of energy changes in chemical systems Analytical – identification of compounds qualitatively and quantitatively Biochemistry – study of biological chemical processes Theoretical – tries to understand and predict properties of compounds Organic – study of compounds based on carbon structures. Inorganic – study of compound of all other atoms Physical – study of energy changes in chemical systems Analytical – identification of compounds qualitatively and quantitatively Biochemistry – study of biological chemical processes Theoretical – tries to understand and predict properties of compounds

Types of Research Basic Research – tries to increase knowledge Applied Research – tries to solve a specific problem Technological Development – produces consumer products Basic Research – tries to increase knowledge Applied Research – tries to solve a specific problem Technological Development – produces consumer products

Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. Or anything with inertia. –Inertia – an objects resistance to a change in motion. –Mass – measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Pure Substance(Chemical) – substance with a definite composition and characteristics Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of that element. Element – pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and is made of one type of atom. Compound – pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances and is made of two or more kinds of atoms bonded together. Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of that element. Element – pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and is made of one type of atom. Compound – pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances and is made of two or more kinds of atoms bonded together.

Mixtures – can be separated by physical changes Homogeneous –T–The same throughout –s–solutions Heterogeneous –Not uniform throughout Mixtures – can be separated by physical changes

Properties of Matter Extensive Properties – properties that depend on the amount of material present. –Mass, volume, length, etc. Intensive Properties – properties that do not change with amount. –Melting point, boiling point, density, etc. Extensive Properties – properties that depend on the amount of material present. –M–Mass, volume, length, etc. Intensive Properties – properties that do not change with amount. –M–Melting point, boiling point, density, etc.

Physical Properties – characteristics that can be determined or observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical Change – change that does not change the identity of the substance. –Cutting, melting, boiling (changes of state), filtering, etc. Physical Properties – characteristics that can be determined or observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical Change – change that does not change the identity of the substance. –Cutting, melting, boiling (changes of state), filtering, etc.

States of Matter Solid – definite shape and volume Liquid – indefinite shape but definite volume Gas – indefinite shape and volume Plasma – high temperature gas with charge Bose-Einstein Condensate – very low temperature atoms occupying the same quantum levels Solid – definite shape and volume Liquid – indefinite shape but definite volume Gas – indefinite shape and volume Plasma – high temperature gas with charge Bose-Einstein Condensate – very low temperature atoms occupying the same quantum levels

Plasma

Chemical Property – properties that relate to a substances ability to undergo changes in identity. Chemical Change – change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances (Chemical Reaction). Reactants  Products C + O 2  CO 2 Carbon plus Oxygen Yields Carbon Dioxide Chemical Property – properties that relate to a substances ability to undergo changes in identity. Chemical Change – change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances (Chemical Reaction).

The Periodic Table of Elements Periods Groups or Families

Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Metals Conductors (heat & electricity) Malleable Ductile High tensile strength High luster (shiny) Tend to lose electrons in reactions Nonmetals Poor conductors (heat & electricity) Insulators Brittle Low luster (dull) Tend to gain electrons in reactions Metalloids – have properties of both

Metals Non- metals Reactivity Group or Family Period

Homework Page Numbers 1,4,7,14,16,18,19,23,24,28,29