Pease 7 Development. Pease 7 Development is one of the principal challenges of the 21st century. Poverty, malnutrition, disease are the extremes. Economic.

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Presentation transcript:

Pease 7 Development

Pease 7 Development is one of the principal challenges of the 21st century. Poverty, malnutrition, disease are the extremes. Economic stagnation, inflation, unemployment and, debt, are central. What is development? Orthodox v. critical approaches. Not following the proper neoliberal path. Development is one of the principal challenges of the 21st century. Poverty, malnutrition, disease are the extremes. Economic stagnation, inflation, unemployment and, debt, are central. What is development? Orthodox v. critical approaches. Not following the proper neoliberal path.

Pease 7 Critical view is that development is relative. Also brings into consideration the role of colonialism in facilitating developing nation underdevelopment. Considerations: Debt,IBRD p IMF (SAPs) p. 189,UNCTAD (G-77), UNDP. Critical view is that development is relative. Also brings into consideration the role of colonialism in facilitating developing nation underdevelopment. Considerations: Debt,IBRD p IMF (SAPs) p. 189,UNCTAD (G-77), UNDP.

Imperialism Old Imperialism: Age of Exploration-1750 New Imperialism: 1850-World War II Neocolonialism: post World War II Old Imperialism: Age of Exploration-1750 New Imperialism: 1850-World War II Neocolonialism: post World War II

Development Tertiary 1stAICNorth Secondary2nd NICSouth Primary3rdLDC South 4th Least South North-North, North-South, South- South Tertiary 1stAICNorth Secondary2nd NICSouth Primary3rdLDC South 4th Least South North-North, North-South, South- South

Case Study 5: The 90s Financial Crises world wide. Mexico. 12/19/94 unilateral devaluation of peso. Caused a capital flight. Peso floated. Lost $8billion. G-7 plus IMF and World Bank put together stabilization package. Not a lot of congressional support so Clinton went to Fed. Austerity measures included p. 195 Financial Crises world wide. Mexico. 12/19/94 unilateral devaluation of peso. Caused a capital flight. Peso floated. Lost $8billion. G-7 plus IMF and World Bank put together stabilization package. Not a lot of congressional support so Clinton went to Fed. Austerity measures included p. 195

The 90s Indonesia. 212 million population. 4th in the world. An “Asian Tiger” 1997 currency collapse. Indonesia borrowed to prop up rupiah. Fell 70%. January 1998 the US and IMF launched a joint aid package. Reform p Megawati elected in June Replace by Wahid in October Indonesia. 212 million population. 4th in the world. An “Asian Tiger” 1997 currency collapse. Indonesia borrowed to prop up rupiah. Fell 70%. January 1998 the US and IMF launched a joint aid package. Reform p Megawati elected in June Replace by Wahid in October 1999.

The 90s Implemented IMF programs slowly. IMF balked, Wahid replaced by Megawati. Realist Cut: Wisdom of Mexican bailout. Interdependence is not good. Neorealists see benefits of expanding market with conditions. See cycle of debt. US should not have deregulated banking, being guided by business interests. Implemented IMF programs slowly. IMF balked, Wahid replaced by Megawati. Realist Cut: Wisdom of Mexican bailout. Interdependence is not good. Neorealists see benefits of expanding market with conditions. See cycle of debt. US should not have deregulated banking, being guided by business interests.

The 90s Indonesia. Shows politics over economic principles. Better outcome. Liberal Cut. Feel market should do its magic but they do appreciate the potential for an IO to help with economic crises. Liberal institutionalists applaud regime creation. P Indonesia shows that state-led growth is unsustainable. Indonesia. Shows politics over economic principles. Better outcome. Liberal Cut. Feel market should do its magic but they do appreciate the potential for an IO to help with economic crises. Liberal institutionalists applaud regime creation. P Indonesia shows that state-led growth is unsustainable.

The 90s Marxist Cut-class analysis both within the countries and without. Feminist Cut-ignore the effects on women of economic crises and no inclusion in the decision process. Constructivist. Not much on IPE. Look at discourse. Marxist Cut-class analysis both within the countries and without. Feminist Cut-ignore the effects on women of economic crises and no inclusion in the decision process. Constructivist. Not much on IPE. Look at discourse.

Case Study 6 Millennium Development Goals 2000 World Summit UN set ambitious development goals requiring international cooperation. MDGs blend orthodox and critical approaches to development Goals: MDG 1-Eradicate extreme poverty by Millennium Development Goals 2000 World Summit UN set ambitious development goals requiring international cooperation. MDGs blend orthodox and critical approaches to development Goals: MDG 1-Eradicate extreme poverty by 2015.

MDGs MDG 2 Universal Primary Education MDG 3 gender equality MDG 4 & 5 reduce mortality and improve mental health are MDG 6 combat infectious diseases. 7 & 8 sustainable development Meet basic needs by Economic and Human Development MDG 2 Universal Primary Education MDG 3 gender equality MDG 4 & 5 reduce mortality and improve mental health are MDG 6 combat infectious diseases. 7 & 8 sustainable development Meet basic needs by Economic and Human Development

MDGs How to best accomplish it? The US opposed it on the grounds of interference in sovereignty. P. 211 Some success but 2008 conditions were a set back. Realist Cut-MDG effort is well- intentioned but insignificant. How much wealth can be committed? How to best accomplish it? The US opposed it on the grounds of interference in sovereignty. P. 211 Some success but 2008 conditions were a set back. Realist Cut-MDG effort is well- intentioned but insignificant. How much wealth can be committed?

MDGs Requires a redistribution of wealth and power. Too grand. Liberal Cut-good thing. Multilateralism. Neoliberals would suggest governments. Need reform. Marxist Cut-failure of capitalism Feminist Cut-good gender focus Constructivist-applaud norm creation. Requires a redistribution of wealth and power. Too grand. Liberal Cut-good thing. Multilateralism. Neoliberals would suggest governments. Need reform. Marxist Cut-failure of capitalism Feminist Cut-good gender focus Constructivist-applaud norm creation.

Pease 8 The Environment Tragedy of the Commons. Individuals action in rational self-interest can ruin it for all. Should work as a community to prevent this. 1)create an authoritative body 2)property rights Actors have different interests (MNCs, IGOs, NGOs). Environmentalism The Environment Tragedy of the Commons. Individuals action in rational self-interest can ruin it for all. Should work as a community to prevent this. 1)create an authoritative body 2)property rights Actors have different interests (MNCs, IGOs, NGOs). Environmentalism

Pease 8 Need to balance capitalist needs with preservation. How can sustainable development be achieved? Problems. P Deforestation, desertification, biodiversity, ozone depletion, global warming. Need to balance capitalist needs with preservation. How can sustainable development be achieved? Problems. P Deforestation, desertification, biodiversity, ozone depletion, global warming.

MDGs MDG 2