Indirect Statement

An independent clause w/ verbs of thinking, knowing, hearing, perceiving, etc., & a dependent noun clause introduced by “ that” Example: She said that she had many sons. audio – I hear sentio -- I feel video – I see scio -- I know dico -- I say cerno -- I discern ostendo -- I show monstro – I show cognosco -I recognize puto -- I think spero -- I hope insto – I threaten Indirect Statement

In Latin the an infinitive phrase is used instead of a noun clause Example: Dixit se multos filios habere. The literal translation: She said her to have many sons. The subject and object of an infinitive phrase are both in the accusative case. The first accusative is the subject and the second is the direct object. In English, we convert the infinitive phrase into a noun clause that begins with the word “that.” Her to have many sons is changed to that she had many sons What Is Indirect Statement?

The translation of the infinitive in the indirect statement depends upon the tense of the main verb. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is present tense = infinitive is translated as a present tense verb. Example: Present Active Infinitive Dico pueros vocare. I say that the boys are calling. Present Passive Infinitive Dico pueros vocari. I say that the boys are called.

Translation con’t If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is present tense = infinitive will be translated as a past tense verb. Example: Present Active Infinitive Dixi pueros vocare. I said that the boys called. Present Passive Infinitive Dixi pueros vocari. I said that the boys were called.

Translation con’t If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is perfect tense = infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “have.” Example: Perfect Active Infinitive Dico pueros vocavisse. I say that the boys have called. Perfect Passive Infinitive Dico pueros vocatos esse. I say that the boys have been called.

Translation con’t If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is perfect tense = infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “had.” Example: Perfect Active Infinitive Dixi pueros vocavisse. I said that the boys had called. Perfect Passive Infinitive Dixi pueros vocatos esse. I said that the boys had been called.

Translation con’t If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is future tense = infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “will.” Example: Future Active Infinitive Dico pueros vocaturos esse. I say that the boys will call.

How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is future tense = infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “would.” Example: Future Active Infinitive Dixi pueros vocaturos esse. I said that the boys would call.

Sequence of Tenses for Indirect Statements Main VerbInfinitiveTranslation of the Infinitive Present PastPresentPast PresentPerfectHave verbed PastPerfectHad verbed PresentFutureWill verb PastFutureWould verb

Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he will conquer Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam ____________. a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

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Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar said that Gaul had been conquered by him. Caesar dixit Galliam a se ______________. a. victuram esse b. Victam esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

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Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he conquered Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam _____________. a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

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Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he has conquered Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam ____________ a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

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Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar said that he would conquer Gaul. Caesar dixit se Galliam _________________. a. victurum esse b. Victum esse c. vinci d. vincere

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