Business solutions of year-round availability of quality feeds for dairy in Tanzania 4 th DDF-Meeting, Dar es Salaam, 6-7 Oct Angello J. Mwilawa 1 in collaboration with Ben Lukuyu 2, Aichi J. Kitalyi 3 & Brigitte L. Maass 4 1 Pastures and Forages; Research Programme, TALIRI-Mabuki, Mwanza, Tanzania 2 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya 3 A…………………………………………………………...., Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4 Tropical Forages Program, CIAT, Nairobi, Kenya 1 Pastures and Forages; Research Programme, TALIRI-Mabuki, Mwanza, Tanzania 2 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya 3 A…………………………………………………………...., Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4 Tropical Forages Program, CIAT, Nairobi, Kenya RECAP

Conceptual framework: Major issues in feed resources availability, constraints + opportunities Off farm resources + inputs Compounded feeds Regulations Quality control Feed Manufacturers Association Water Technology available (e.g., water harvesting, irrigation) Access – regulations Quality Feed + fodder markets Hay + stover, loose grass Feed-related inputs (e.g. molasses, urea) Machinery Agribusiness opportunities Forage seed systems Informal sector Formal sector Regulations, quality control Market linkages Farm level feed resources Pastures Crop residues Planted forages Forage conservation Seasonality Political + Social Land ownership Land use practice Farmers’ attitudes

Forage seed verification and Release in Tanzania 6 th DDF-Meeting, NJOMBE, 29 MAY Angello J. MWILAWA 1 in collaboration with KITOSI, N. 2, KOMWIHANGILO, D.M 3., BWIRE, J.M. 4, NGOTA, V. 2, SWILA, G 5 & HANSON, J. 6 ; 1 Pastures and Forages; Research Programme, TALIRI-Mabuki, Mwanza, Tanzania 2 DRTE, MALF DAR ES SALAAM Tanzania 3 TALIRI HQ, DODOMA, Tanzania 4 TALIRI TANGA, TANZANIA 2 DAP; LMU VIKUGE, KIBAHA, Tanzania 4 TOSCI, MOROGORO, TANZANIA 6 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), ADDIS ABABA, ETJHIOPIA

4 Forage Seed System : Weak and/ no existing forage seed system. Available list of forage species Recommended in various agro ecological zones; The forage seed production is mainly done by government institution and to a limited extent by private farms & farmers The quality of seeds has not been controlled; to ensure genetic integrity and quality standards No coordination on forage seed activities.

Intervention for pasture/forage seed National Forage Seed Programme Sustainable forage seed production, supply + marketing Programme to include elements such as Cultivar development Evaluation, release and varietal maintenance Seed production technology, Seed processing, storage and packaging facilities, Seed marketing and promotional activities geared to satisfy farmer’s needs, quality control and regulatory programme Capacity Building Human resources + infrastructure

Recommended forages for various agro-ecological zones in Tanzania Agro-Ecological ZoneGrassesHerbaceous LegumesBrowse I HighlandsLolium perenneTrifolium spp.Calliandra calothyrsus LGP* = 240 daysChloris gayana- perennialsLeucaena diversifolia Pennisetum purpureum- annualsAcacia angustissima Setaria splendidaDesmodium intortum Tripsacum andersoniiNeonotonia wightii Lablab purpureum Medicago sativa II Humid to SubhumidSetaria splendidaNeonotonia wightiiLeucaena leucocephala LGP* = 240 daysSetaria ancepsDesmodium uncinatumCalliandra calothyrsus Panicum maximumDesmodium intortumGliricidia sepium Chloris gayanaCentrosema pubescensAcacia angustissima Pennisetum purpureumPueraria phaseoloides Brachiaria spp.Colopogonium mucunoides Tripsacum andersoniiMacroptilium atropurpureum Cenchrus ciliarisMedicago sativa

Recommended forages for various agro-ecological zones in Tanzania Agro-Ecological ZoneGrassesHerbaceous LegumesBrowse III Subhumid to semi–aridChloris gayana,Medicago sativaLeucaena leucocephala LGP = 180 daysSetaria anceps,Neonotonia wightiiGliricidia sepium Panicum maximum,Clitoria ternateaCajanus cajan Panicum coloratumStylosanthes spp.Morus alba Panicum antidotaleMacroptilium atropurpureumLeucaena pallida, Cenchrus ciliaris P. Purpureum (irrg) Centrosema pubescensLeucaena diversifolia IV Semi–aridCenchrus ciliarisStylosanthes spp.Leucaena leucocephala LGP = 150 daysCynodon spp.Centrosema pubescensSesbania sesban Chloris gayanaClitoria ternateaGliricidia sepium Bothriochloa spp.Macroptilium atropurpureumCajanus cajan Panicum coloratumLablab purpureusLeucaena pallida P. Purpureum (irrg) Leucaena diversifolia

Questions regarding forage seed systems QN:What are the barriers and drivers of forage seed commercialization? QN: Which farms or research stations are currently doing pasture seed production? (-Vikughe F, TALIRIs-Mpwapwa, Uyole; Tanga; Mabuki, LMUs- Sao Hill, -Mabuki; Langwira PSF; LITA-Tengeru) To a Limited extent BY some Private Farms and Farmers - – What are the current production levels + capacity? – What is the state of forage seed trade within the country, region or international?

RECEIVED nucleus Forage seeds from the Genebank Addis Ababa GermplasmCommon name Herbaceous legumes Desmodium intortumGreenleaf Desmodium uncinatumSilverleaf Lablab purpureusLablab Macroptilium atropurpureumsiratro Neonotonia wightii Medicago sativaAlfalfa Stylosanthes hamataStylo Stylosanthes scabraStylo Grasses: Chloris gayanaRhodes grass Paniucm coloratum Brachiaria decumbens Setaria sphacelataSetaria Fodder trees: Leucaena pallidaHighland Leucaena Sesbania sesbanSesbania

Sites for Forage Seed Verification and Release TALIRI Mpwapwa + identified Farmers Vikuge Farm + Identified farmers/Private farms TALIRI Tanga + identified Farmers TALIRI Uyole + Langwira PSF + identified Farmers

Limitations for Forage Seed Release No funds to Pay for the imported seeds No funds for actual stakeholders planning No funds for actual field work by TOSCI for monitoring and evaluation TOSCI - TALIRI LMU PRIVATE farms and farmers Partners - operationalization

-Tanzania Dairy Board –TDB –invitation -Dairy Development Forum- DDF -Tanzania Livestock Research Institute -TALIRI -Ministry of Agric, Livestock and Fisheries ACKNOWLEDGEMENT