DEMOGRAPHICS

 Statistical study of the size, structure, and distribution of human populations and their response to changes in:  Birth (Birth Rates)  Death (Death Rates)  Time  Aging  Migration Patterns  Allocation of scarce resources relies on information gathered from demographics as well as rituals, habits, or customs

PHYSICAL FACTORS  Natural obstacles restrict where people can live.  ¾ of the World’s Population live on less than 5% of Earth’s Surface.  2/3 of Earth is covered by water  ½ of all land is unlivable due to deserts, mountains, or uninhabitable climates

 Almost all people share a small piece of the Earth’s surface. Most people will live in the same types of areas.  Specifically, areas where soil is fertile, water plentiful, and in a climate where crops can grow  The simplest way to calculate population density is to divide the total population of a region by the region’s land area  Most prefer to use a regions “arable land”, land used specifically for farming

HUMAN FACTORS  Technology improvements, economic activities, and discovery of valuable resources may attract settlers to a new area  They have also led to large increases in population

POPULATION GROWTH  Global Population has increased dramatically  Negative Effects of Rapid Population Growth May Include:  Famine, Disease, and Depletion of Natural Resources  Positive Effects May Include:  Levels of sophisticated technology, creativity

GROWTH RATES  A country’s total population is affected by:  Birth Rate- the number of live births each year per 1000 people  Death Rate- the number of deaths each year per 1000 people  Immigration- the number of people who move into the country  Emigration- numbers of people who leave the country to live in other places

ZERO POPULATION GROWTH  When the combined Birth Rate & Immigration Rate equal the combination Death & Emigration Rate, a country has achieved “Zero Population Growth”  Usually achieved only in highly industrialized societies  Most developing nations either have very high birth rates or high death rates

WHY DO PEOPLE MOVE?  Human Migration- people (in large groups or individually) move across the world for many different reasons  Push Factors- reasons that cause a person to leave  Negative  Weather is too cold, don’t like neighborhood, job doesn’t pay enough  Pull Factors- reasons that cause a person to want to live in a certain area  Positive  Job Availability, Political or Religious Freedom, Proximity to Chipotle

P.E.G.S.  Political Factors- When rulers of a nation oppress its people by denying their individual rights or eliminating their personal freedoms, citizens migrate in search of more just and fair places to live.  Push Factors  War  Instability  Pull Factors  improved political climate.  peace and stability,  a fair court system, and a government that guarantees individual rights and freedoms

 Economic Factors- Many people move because of money, either they cannot make enough in their current location, or they think they can make more in a different location, or both.  Push Factors:  Poverty  Limited Job Opportunities  Pull Factors:  More Job Opportunities  Higher Salaries  Lower Cost of Living (cheaper gas, food, rent prices)

Geographic/Environmental Factors: Undesirable weather, food shortages, or natural hazards can also influence migration. Push Factors: natural disasters, pollution, radiation, drought, and undesirable climates Pull Factors: Leaving the general area where these events take place often

 Social Factors- People who migrate for social factors move to locations that offer personal freedom and social equality  Push Factors:  Oppression based on race, religion, gender, etc.  Pull Factors:  Availability of personal and religious freedoms