Molecules, Compounds, & Chemical Equations. Overview Chemical Nomenclature – Hydrates – Covalent Bonding – Acids & Bases Naming Binary Acids & Oxyacids.

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Presentation transcript:

Molecules, Compounds, & Chemical Equations

Overview Chemical Nomenclature – Hydrates – Covalent Bonding – Acids & Bases Naming Binary Acids & Oxyacids

Chemical Nomenclature What are Hydrates? – Ionic compounds that contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit. – Water molecules associated with each formula unit called waters of hydration. – Hydrate without water present is termed anhydous salt.

Chemical Nomenclature Naming Hydrates – Use system for naming ionic compounds. – Number of water molecules named using Greek prefix followed by the word hydrate.

Example Hydrate HydrateCobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate Anhydrous saltCobalt (II) chloride

Chemical Nomenclature Naming Binary Covalent Compounds – Use Greek prefixes to denote number of nonmetal atoms in formula. – Name the first nonmetal as it appears in the table. – Name the second nonmetal but change the ending to –ide.

Chemical Nomenclature CS 2 SO 2 PCl 5 N 2 O 4 Carbon disulfide Sulfur dioxide Phosphorus pentachloride Dinitrogen tetraoxide (Dinitrogen tetroxide)

Acids & Bases An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Inorganic acids are easily recognized because the hydrogen ions are often found at beginning of formula. HCl, HBr, HNO 3, H 2 SO 4

Acids & Bases Organic acids are easily recognized because the hydrogen ions are often found at end of structural formula. General Formula for Organic Acid is R-COOH. CH 3 COOH is same thing as (HC 2 H 3 O 2 )

Acids & Bases A base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Easily recognized because the hydroxide ions are found in the chemical formulas of many bases. LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2

Chemical Nomenclature Naming Acids & Oxoacids

Examples Binary Acids HFHydrofluoric acid HClHydrochloric acid HBrHydrobromic acid

Examples Oxyacids HNO 3 Nitric Acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid

Examples Oxyacids HNO 2 Nitrous Acid H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous Acid