Male Reproductive System Chapter 18 Lesson 2 PRHS Physical Education Department

I. Structure & Function A. Includes both external and internal organs B. 2 main functions: 1. Production and storage of sperm (the male reproductive cells) 2. Transfer of sperm to the female’s body during sexual intercourse C. Male reproductive system reaches maturity between the ages of 12 and 15 PRHS Physical Education Department

II. Hormones within Male Reproductive System A. Hormones produced in the pituitary gland stimulate the production of testosterone B. Testosterone- the male sex hormone 1. This hormone initiates physical changes Broadening of shoulders, development of muscles, body hair, deepening of voice 2. A physically mature males is capable of producing sperm for the rest of his life PRHS Physical Education Department

III. External Male Reproductive Organs A. Testes, Penis, Scrotum B. Testes – (testicles) are two small glands that produce sperm. These glands secrete testosterone. Sperm: mature male sex or reproductive cell C. Scrotum- an external skin sac (where the testes are located). Regulates the temperature of the sperm. D. Penis – tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testicles PRHS Physical Education Department

External organs continued… E. The penis releases Semen, a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system. F. Fertilization – the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell G. At birth, males have a covering of loose skin called foreskin which is generally surgically removed through a process called circumcision 1. Some parents do this for cultural or religious reasons but is not considered medically necessary today. PRHS Physical Education Department

IV. Internal Male Reproductive Organs A. Even though sperm is produced in the testes, it must travel through several structures before they are released… B. Travel: Testes  Epididymis (20 ft. coiled tube, sperm are stored and mature)  Vas Deferens (Vasectomy)  Seminal Vesicles (picks up nutrients)  Prostate (can become cancerous in males over 50, erection) Cowpers Glands (neutralizes the seminal fluid) Penis (sperm is ejaculated) PRHS Physical Education Department

V. Care of the Male Reproductive System A. Get regular checkups- every 12-18 months B. Bathe regularly- thorough cleansing is necessary C. Wear protective equipment – use protective cups or supporters during physical activity D. Perform regular self exams- check for signs of cancer E. Practice Abstinence – Avoid getting STD’s PRHS Physical Education Department

VI. Possible Problems Inguinal Hernia Sterility Testicular Cancer & Prostate Problems PRHS Physical Education Department

Female Reproductive System Chapter 18 Lesson 3 PRHS Physical Education Department

I. Structure and Function A. Internal and External Organs B. 2 Main Functions 1. Ovulation; releasing of a mature egg for fertilization 2. Grow a baby once fertilized C. Female reproductive system reaches maturity between the ages of 12 - 18 PRHS Physical Education Department

II. Hormones within Female Reproductive System A. Ovaries release estrogen and progesterone B. Estrogen and Progesterone - the female hormone 1. This hormone initiates changes of the breasts enlargening, menstrual cycle, and body hair. 2. A woman is born with approximately 400,000 eggs and will not produce any more. PRHS Physical Education Department

III. External Female Reproductive Organs A. Vagina aka Birth Canal – this canal is where sperm enter and where the baby is born. PRHS Physical Education Department

IV. Internal Female Reproductive Organs A. Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus B. Ovaries – eggs are stored here and the ovaries release eggs during ovulation. C. Fallopian Tubes – where the egg is fertilized. Tube is the size of a pencil. Tube canal is the size of a pencil lead. D. Uterus – where a fertilized egg attaches to grow into a baby. The uterus is the only place in a woman’s body where a healthy baby can grow. PRHS Physical Education Department

V. Cervix & Hymen Cervix: opening from the vaginal canal to the uterus. Cone shaped as a teenager – more susceptible to infection, STI’s, cervical cancer Changes shape in early 20’s (around age 24). Hymen: thin covering of membrane between the cervix and the vaginal canal. Usually broken during 1st Intercourse. Results in some blood shed. C. Clittoris: small mass of blood vessels and tissue. Located on the vulva. PRHS Physical Education Department

VI. Menstrual Cycle A. The Endometrium (inside of uterus): outer lining of the uterus. Thickens with blood and nutrients to prepare for a fertilized egg every month. B. When the egg is not fertilized then the uterus sheds this layer of blood and nutrients aka the menstrual cycle. C. 4 stages: AKA “Normal Cycle” 1. Days 1 – 13; egg is maturing in ovary 2. Day 14; mature egg is released into the fallopian tube 3. Days 15 – 20; the egg travel through the fallopian tube to the uterus. 4. Days 21 – 28; after seven days if the egg is not fertilized then menstruation begins. PRHS Physical Education Department

VII. Care for the Female Reproductive System A. Bathe regularly B. Practice abstinence from sexual activity C. Breast Exams Possible Problems that can Occur: Menstrual Cramping PMS TSS PRHS Physical Education Department