ECOLOGY Notes ECOLOGY Notes (Chapter 2)

Ecology  Study of the natural relationships among living organisms and the interactions the organisms have with their environments. 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology

The Biosphere  A thin layer around Earth Principles of Ecology  Extends several kilometers above the Earth’s surface  Extends several kilometers below the ocean’s surface 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2

The Biosphere Principles of Ecology 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2

Does the biosphere include lava near the core of the earth? A.Yes B.No

Biotic Factors Principles of Ecology  Living factors in an organism’s environment  Symbiotic relationships Abiotic Factors  Nonliving factors in an organism’s environment  Organisms adapt to survive in the abiotic factors present in their natural environment. 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2

Checkpoint Quiz On a half sheet of paper (with your name on it) complete the following after watching the following video: – Independently identify 2 possible biotic factors and 4 abiotic factors.

The humidity around the moss growing on a rock. A.Abiotic factor B.Biotic factor C.Neither one

Which of the following is abiotic? A.A bee landing on a rose to collect pollen B.The shade tree growing next to the rose C.The amount of sun the rose gets per day

Levels of Organization Principles of Ecology  Levels increase in complexity as the numbers and interactions between organisms increase. 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2 Biome

The photo shows an example of a A.ecosystem B.biosphere C.organism D.population

The photo shows an example of a A.ecosystem B.population C.biosphere D.organism

The two types of animals gathering below are an example of a A.population B.community C.ecosystem D.organism

CHECKPOINT QUIZ On the back of your half sheet of paper (with your name on it) put the following into a flow chart to show correct order of organization. –(Go smallest to biggest.) BiomePopulationBiosphere EcosystemOrganismCommunity

Principles of Ecology Chapter 2

Ecosystem Interactions Principles of Ecology  A habitat is an area where an organism lives.  A niche is the role or position that an organism has in its environment.  Having unique niche reduces competition 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2

Which of the following describes a niche? A.A seagull floating on the surface of the ocean B.A worm decomposing dead leaf particles in soil C.A dead snail rotting on a rock in the forest

Which picture shows a niche? A.[Option 1] B.[Option 2] C.[Option 3]

Community Interactions Principles of Ecology  Competition  Occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time  Predation  Many species get their food by eating other organisms. 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2

What is the difference between a predator and a parasite? A.Parasite kills then consumes; predator feeds but doesn’t kill. B.Predators and parasites eat the organism after killing it. C.Predators kill and eat; parasite eats without killing.

Symbiotic Relationships Principles of Ecology  The close relationship that exists when two or more species live together  Mutualism  Commensalism  Parasitism 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships Chapter 2 Species A Species B  Competition

Energy in an Ecosystem  Autotrophs 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Principles of Ecology  Organism that collects energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce food  Heterotrophs  Organism that gets it energy requirements by consuming other organisms A lynx is a heterotroph. Chapter 2

ecosystem, and return nutrients to the soil, air, and water where the nutrients can be reused by organisms.  Detritivores eat fragments of dead matter in an Principles of Ecology Fungus 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

Principles of Ecology Models of Energy Flow  Food chains and food webs model the energy flow through an ecosystem.  Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level. 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2 Model Ecosystems

Principles of Ecology Food Chains  A food chain is a simple model that shows how energy flows through an ecosystem. 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

Principles of Ecology Food Webs  A food web is a model representing the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms. 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

Principles of Ecology Chapter 2

Animation 1 Principles of Ecology Chapter 2

Animation 2 Principles of Ecology Chapter 2