M ATTER AND I TS P ROPERTIES

M ATTER Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space Mass- measure of how much matter is in something Can be measured in: Kilograms (kg) - biggest Grams (g) Milligrams (mg)- smallest Balance- instrument used to measure mass

V OLUME Volume- amount of space something takes up Volume of a solid is measured in cubic meters or cubic centimeters Length x Width x Height Volume of liquid is measured in liters (L) or milliliters (mL) Graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of liquids

D ENSITY Measure of the amount of matter in a given volume Divide an object’s mass by its volume Physical property of a substance Density of both the material and the liquid depends on whether it floats or not An object is buoyant if it floats

P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES OF MATTER Physical Properties- can be observed, measured, or changed without changing the substance itself Examples: Melting point, boiling point, solubility, density, magnetic, conducts heat or electricity When you cut paper into smaller pieces, pieces are still paper

C HEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Chemical Properties- ability of a substance to change into a new substance with different chemical properties Examples: Burns, rusts, reacts with acids When you burn wood, it turns to ash

W HAT IS MATTER MADE OF ? Atom- smallest particle matter can be divided into and still have it’s properties Too small to see without microscope Made of: Protons (positively charged particles) Neutrons (particles with no charge) Electrons (negatively charged particles) Two or more atoms combined form a molecule

E LEMENTS Element- basic building block of mater made of only one kind of atom All elements are organized on a chart called Periodic Table of Elements Three major groups of elements: Metals (conduct heat and electricity well, shiny, solid at room temp) Nonmetals(poor conductors of heat and electricity, gases or dull-looking solids) Noble gases (usually do not combine with other elements)

C OMPOUNDS Type of matter made of a combination of elements Atoms of elements are joined together in a molecule Properties of compounds are different than the elements that make them up Every compound has a name and formula

C HANGING P HASES Three phases: Solid Liquid Gas Solids: Particles are very close together Definite shape and volume When warm up they turn into a liquid

C HANGING P HASES Liquids: Particles are not touching, but not far apart No definite shape- takes on shape of their container Definite volume When get colder and freeze, turns into solid Freezing and melting points are different for each material Materials change size when they change temperature

C HANGING P HASES Gases: Particles are far apart Boiling points vary depending on liquid Evaporation occurs when particles leave a liquid and become a gas Condensation occurs when a gas turns into a liquid This happens when gas particles touch cold surface and their temp. drops

M IXTURES Different materials are put together, but do not form compounds The different materials keep their own properties Materials can be separated Metals that are a mixture of elements are called alloys Example: steel, brass, bronze

S OLUTIONS Special mixture where substances are spread evenly and will not settle Parts of a solution: Solute- substance that dissolves Solvent- substance being dissolved Solids will dissolve in a liquid faster by stirring or heating the solution or breaking solid into smaller pieces

S OLUTIONS Can be solid in a liquid, liquid and a liquid or liquid and a gas Solubility: is a property of a substance how much of a substance can be dissolved by a solvent at a certain temperature

T YPES OF SOLUTIONS Saturated: Contains all the solute that can be dissolved without changing the temperature If more solute is added, the solute will not dissolve Concentrated: Has so much solute that it is relatively close to being saturated Dilute: Is far from being saturated