The view from DUNE André Rubbia First ArgonCube General Meeting August 28, 2015 V1

International Scope André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting 2013: European Strategy for Particle Physics updated Endorsed high priority of neutrino physics Bottom line: CERN should help the European neutrino community participate in a long-baseline program outside of Europe. 2014: P5 Plan A strategic plan for U.S. particle physics maximizing opportunities for breakthrough science Explicit prioritization, hard choices made within realistic budget scenarios Particle physics community unified behind the plan: 2,331 signatures on letter sent to DOE Secretary Moniz

DUNE Primary Science Goals André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting

Overall Experimental Layout André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting

LBNF Near Site Facility 5 Distance to near detector: >210 m needed for muon range-out for 120 GeV protons Distance Target-Near detection Location: 574 m Depth of the Near Detector : 60 m deep Option to be considered after CD-1 Refresh: Excavate ~x2 larger underground cavern to provide future facility for additional neutrino detector / experiment André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting

LBNF Far Site SURF 6 SURF to commence construction soon –Currently in preliminary design, CD-3A planned for Dec 2015 – Installation of waste rock handling systems – Excavation starts – followed by outfitting and cryogenics install Mid-2020s – DUNE Commissioning and science operations begin ? André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Excavation of caverns & drifts in modular manner for 4x10kt fiducial mass detectors Central utility cavern for CF and cryogenic equipment LN2 refrigeration system for cooling & compressing gaseous argon LAr systems for purification & recirculation Four membrane cryostats ~ 70kt LAr Surface and shaft infrastructure

LBNF/DUNE Schedule Overview André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting FY27 FY26FY25FY24FY23FY22FY21FY20FY19FY18FY17 FY16 FY15 Fill & Commission Det #1-2 Jan-16 CD-3a Approval Feb-27 CD-4b (early completion) FY28 CERN Test DOE Activity DOE and Non-DOE Activity Non-DOE Activity Det #1 Commissioned Det #2 Commissioned Cryostat #1 Ready for Detector Installation Start Full Scale Mock-up Oct-15 CD-1 Refresh Approval Fill & Comm Det. #3-4 Dec-19 CD-2/3c Project Baseline/ Construction Approval Nov-21 CD-4a (early completion) May-18 CD-3b Approval Conventional Facilities Preliminary & Final Design Excavation and UGI Cavern 1-4 Waste Rock Handling Cryostat #1-2 Construction Cryostat #3-4 Construction Cryogenics Equipment Install Detector #1-2 FS Conventional Facilities Complete Install Detector #3-4 Install & Comm ND in Hall CF Near Detector Hall Partial Assembly on Surface at FNAL NND Design, Prototype, Infra NND Assembly Near Detector Hall Beneficial Occupancy – NS CF Complete Near Detector Complete CF Preliminary & Final Design CF Advance Site Prep and Beamline Infrastr. Install Beamline systems Beamline Complete Critical path shown in red

DUNE Near Detector Strategy 8 Ability to constrain the systematic uncertainties of the oscillation channels, as well as their backgrounds, for the high-precision measurements in the LBL oscillation studies – Knowledge of the neutrino fluxes (absolute & relative) at the far site in absence of oscillations – Knowledge of signal & background topologies at the far detector – Knowledge of neutrino energy reconstruction at the far detector Naturally provides the capability for a self-contained and rich stand-alone physics program, made possible by the intense LBNF neutrino beam delivering unprecedented intensities. – A generational advance in precision neutrino physics with 100 million neutrino and 50 million antineutrino interactions: extended measurements of neutrino interactions and cross sections, studies of nuclear effects, measurements of the structure of nucleons, precision measurement of electroweak parameters, … André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting

DUNE Near Neutrino Detector André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting The NOMAD-inspired Fine-Grained Tracker (FGT) It consists of: – Central straw-tube tracking system – Lead-scintillator sampling ECAL – Large-bore warm dipole magnet – RPC-based muon tracking systems – High pressure argon gas as target It provides: – Constraints on cross sections and the neutrino flux – A rich self-contained non-oscillation neutrino physics program – n This conceptual design will be further developed: – a full end-to-end (ND to FD) physics study needs to be performed Tools be developed (simulation/reconstruction/fitting methodology) – current design is not yet optimized – Addition of LAr TPC and/or HP GAr TPC

ND design choices 10 Muon charge measurement Low density for vertex, track, Momentum reconstruction. Sufficient events 1) precise absolute flux, 2) >1 evnt/pulse with low occupancy Event purity for cross Section measurement Extrapolation to FD CP sensitivity: understand wrong sign contamination Match FD capability Know target material, tracking, nu-e scat, e/gamma André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting

DUNE Far Detector Strategy André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Active detector (Time Projection Chamber (TPC), photon detection system, readout electronics, DAQ) and installation + integration Four 10-kton detector modules, each one is: –58 m x 12 m x 14.4 m (~50 times larger than ICARUS) –Modular design to facilitate underground transport and installation Two readout technologies (single & dual phase)

Far Detector Technology André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Based on pioneering developments of LArTPC technology by ICARUS DUNE is presently considering two options for readout of ionization signals: Single-phase wire-plane readout – Ionization signals (collection + induction) read out in liquid volume – As used in ICARUS, ArgoNEUT/LArIAT, MicroBooNE – Long-term operation/stability demonstrated by ICARUS T600 Dual-phase readout – Ionization signals with tunable amplification and detected in gaseous argon above the liquid surface – Being developed by the WA105 collaboration – Potential advantages over single-phase approach Other ideas ?

DUNE activities at CERN André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Several DUNE Collaborators are already engaged in activities at the CERN Neutrino Platform led by Marzio Nessi (CERN) Dual-phase Prototype + Demonstrator (WA105 approved in 2013) – 3L and 200L prototypes operated successfully and routinely at CERN for years – 1x1x3 m 3 is a technology demonstrator – cryogenic operation in March 2016 – 6x6x6 m 3 is a large-scale prototype in the new EHN1 extension scale up the technology by 2018 – Essential physics calibration measurements with charged-particle beams Single-Phase Prototype (proposal SPSC P-351; approval next SPSC?) – Based on ICARUS; LArIAT/MicroBooNE/SBND to demonstrate performance – protoDUNE is a full-scale engineering prototype of APA/CPA design envisioned for the first 10 kton FD module – Essential physics calibration measurements with charged-particle beams

DUNE Collaboration Organisation André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Significant effort in the last months to setup an adequate international organization for DUNE – retain strengths of the past efforts; integrate new people A. Rubbia / M. Thomson CK Jung E. James EC: D. Autiero, B. Fleming, M. Goodman, K. Scholberg, J. Strait + Spokes + TC +RC iPM: S. Kettel

The High Level Coordination André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting T. BoltonS. Mishra T. Kutter (interim) COORDINATORS (*)To englobe DUNE single and dual phase prototyping activities at CERN T. Junk Dep: A. Farbin J. Urheim Dep: R. Patterson Far Detector Near Detector CERN prototyping (*) Computing &Software Physics Accelerator & Beam interface A.Marchionni Dep: Mary Bishai MANAGERS J. Stewart tdb Coordinators working with DUNE Management to establish WG - important goal is to incorporate new U.S. and international institutions within WG structure – in progress

The DUNE Finance Board André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Finance Board: –will be presented next week at Collab meeting. –Distinct from RRB

FD & ND Working Groups André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Additional working groups may be formed as needed… Work in progress – detailed charge for each WG being developed Working Groups (WG), in partnership with project elements, are the (international) entities charged with delivering detector components. First priority  assemble the team that can design & build the DUNE Detectors that let us do the physics. Seeking (1) commitment (2) internationalization (3) greater expansion into US and non-US universities (4) reflects diversity of DUNE Collaboration

Physics & SW/C Working Groups André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Additional working groups may be formed as needed… Charge to Physics Working Groups: Extend our understanding of scientific capabilities of DUNE with the detector and beam line configurations being developed At progressively more realistic levels of full simulation + reconstruction Close attention to tools, analysis strategies, systematics, backgrounds Attention to evolving experimental landscape Further develop the scope and strength of the physics programme

Accelerator & Beam Interface WG André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Target/Horns Bob Zwaska, Chris Densham Muon Monitors TBC, TBC Infrastructure to be addressed soon Additional working groups may be formed as needed… Acc. & Beam Interface WG Alberto Marchionni Mary Bishai Beam Optimisation Task Force Alfons Weber Laura Fields, TBC

Accelerator & Beam Interface WG André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting  Charge:  to understand the operating parameters of the accelerator (primary proton energy, repetition rate, beam power) the choice of primary proton energy has physics, operational and programmatic implications  to involve the DUNE Collaboration in the optimization of the LBNF beamline the “beam” is an essential part of the oscillation experiment a Beam Optimization Task Force has been setup (A. Weber, L. Fields) combine Collaboration and LBNF/Accelerator Division hardware resources to discuss/design an optimized focusing system, along the lines of what proposed by the Beam Opt. TF, and iterate  to help the LBNF project in essential choices of the Beamline design, like air vs He/N 2 in the target chase, optimization of the Hadron Absorber for physics  to participate in the design/construction of beam related instrumentation (primary proton instrumentation, beam-based alignment detectors, hadron monitor, muon monitors)  to define beam-related systematics (alignment of components, stability, hadro- production systematics…)  to help the LBNF project to find resources from the Collaboration to contribute to the hardware of the Beamline (~20% of the Beamline cost is non-DOE)

Technical Board André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Charge: –Coordinates activities across the different detector organizations and is the primary forum for discussions on issues related to detector design, construction, installation, and commissioning. –Serves as a project change control board for that lie below predetermined thresholds necessitating EC approval. –Discusses change requests that have impacts on interfaces with the LBNF project, potential impacts on DUNE science requirements, or require modifications of MOU with one or more of the contributing funding agencies but require higher level approvals starting with the EC. –Serves as the primary forum for discussing technological design choices faced by the Collaboration. From these discussions, the board is expected to make a recommendation on the preferred technology choice to the TC, who is then charged with making a final recommendation to the EC. Membership: spokes + TC + RC + iPM + FDC + NDC + CPrC + Jen Raaf + Janet Conrad + Bo Yu + Dario Autiero + Sebastien Murphy + Francesco Pietropaolo + David Waters + Terri Shaw + Russ Rucinski + Jack Fowler

Task Forces André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Three task forces have been created –To tackle time-critical questions –Are of fixed duration (different than WG) –Bring together activities across the WG boundaries For example Physics + Reconstruction SW + Far Detector –Deliver short reposts addressing specific questions TF1&TF2 are being organized to address key issues that need to be addressed in order to finalize the detector designs

TF1 : ND detector optimisation André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Highlighted as strategically important in CDR Main goals: –GEANT4 simulations of FGT and possible alternatives; –End-to-end simulation connecting the measurements in the ND to the far detector systematics using, for example, the VALOR framework; –Evaluate potential benefits of alternatives e.g. LArTPC or HPTPC augmenting reference design This is central part to the ND strategy: –ND task force will deliver a report in 12 – 18 months –will inform the evolution of the ND design Primary questions for September LBNC review –Initial plan and timeline for addressing TF goals, including steps before end of 2015 –Coordination with, roles and deliverables for relevant working groups

TF2 : FD detector optimisation André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting Highlighted as strategically important in Reviews Main goals: –Full far detector simulation and reconstruction chain; –To address both single- and dual-phase designs; –Produce detector optimization studies, e.g. 3mm vs 5mm readout pitch & evaluation of light readout system configurations; –DUNE long-baseline physics sensitivity studies using full simulation and event reconstruction; and –Develop the simulation and reconstruction for supernovae and nucleon decay physics This is central part to the FD strategy: –FD task force will deliver a report in 12 – 18 months –will inform the evolution of the FD design (reminder: all 10kton FD modules will be similar but not necessarily identical) Primary questions for September LBNC review –Initial plan and timeline for addressing TF goals, including steps before end of 2015 –Coordination with, roles and deliverables for relevant working groups

TF3 : Beam profile optimisation André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting As highlighted in CDR, optimization of beam line is critical to DUNE physics reach Main goals are: –further develop the physics-driven optimization of the beam line, including the target, horn configuration and decay pipe; –identify potential options and develop a first-order cost-benefit analysis. Aim to close loop on beam optimization –Task force will deliver a report in 12 – 18 months –Requires interaction with acc & beam interface group Primary questions for September LBNC review –Initial plan and timeline for addressing TF goals, including steps before end of 2015 –Coordination with, roles and deliverables for relevant working groups

Schedule André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting DUNE Collaboration MeetingSeptember 2-5 LBNC meetingSeptember 6 Director’s CD-3A ReviewOctober DOE OPA CD-3A ReviewDecember 1-3 DUNE Collaboration Meeting (UT Austin)January PAC FNALJanuary DUNE Collaboration MeetingMay 2016 DUNE Collaboration MeetingSeptember 2016 … CD-2/3c Project Baseline/December 2019 Construction Approval

DUNE Deliverables by CD-3a André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting December 2015 : Main focus for DUNE is ensuring that all interfaces to the far site conventional facilities are well understood and documented In addition, internal goals by the time of the CD-3A –Physics, Computing/Simulation WGs functioning and organized –ND, FD, Beamline task forces: Tangible progress against well- defined schedule with milestones –DUNE activities at CERN/EHN1: established with well-defined schedule and initial planning for construction –FB and RRB up and running, some tangible progress on lining up a few international partners

Conclusion LBNF/DUNE is a next-generation deep-underground liquid argon neutrino observatory coupled to a powerful neutrino beam from Fermilab with a highly capable near detector. Conceptual designs for near and far detectors are being developed and prototyped by the Collaboration. This design phase represents the time where new improving ideas can be most efficiently accommodated. The implementation of the full DUNE Collaboration structure has seen dramatic progress in the last weeks, and the refreshed and international working groups are ready to start (will happen at the GM next week). Timescale is short and challenges are large. DUNE is attracting the best and most diverse people in the community. 28 Welcome to join the DUNE – WGs and TFs ! André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting

André Rubbia | First ArgonCube General Meeting 190 participants registered ! September Collaboration Meeting