Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry What makes carbon special?

Forming Macromolecules 1.Monomers A.Glucose B.Glycerol & Triglycerides C.Amino Acids D.Nucleotides 2. Polymers / Macromolecules Polymerization 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

Function: 1.Energy storage (4 KCal/g) 2.Structural support

Lipids Function: A. What makes a lipid saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated? B. At room temperature what do these fats look like? Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) = Glycerol + 3 fatty acids (Triglycerides)

Proteins An amino acid is made of: Function:

R Groups

Nucleic Acids Function: 1. Stores genetic information (RNA & DNA) A nucleotide is made of:

Activation Energy Propane Torch L1xyX5M Activation Energy K6PLrRM Exothermic Reaction GgeeIVM Endothermic – requires more energy input for energy output - absorbs energy – melting ice, evaporating water, or cold packs Exothermic – little energy input but has high energy output *Tend to be explosive – think bombs or dynamite / fire / hand warmer Activation Energy c.com/webcontent/ani mations/content/enzy mes/enzymes.html Speed at which molecules collide

Enzymes How does an enzyme impact activation energy? - Lowers Enzymes are what organic molecule? - Protein How much faster are reactions? – 10 million Enzymes: 1.Are specific to one chemical reaction 2.Are not themselves part of the reaction 3.Produced only when needed 4.Work at specific temperature ranges 5.Work at specific pH ranges Enzyme Activity is impacted by 1. pH (your blood 7.4) 2. Temperature (body 37celcius) The pH affects the conformational state of the enzyme. At the optimum pH the enzyme assumes the optimum 3D conformation allowing for efficient substrate binding.