Biogenic nitric oxide emission from soil : Processes, mechanistic modelling, and ist fate through canopies and atmospheric boundary layers Franz X. Meixner.

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Biogenic nitric oxide emission from soil : Processes, mechanistic modelling, and ist fate through canopies and atmospheric boundary layers Franz X. Meixner Biogeochemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry J.J. v. Becherweg 27 D Mainz Germany Department of Physics University of Zimbabwe Mount Pleasant Harare Zimbabwe

control of emission from soil: processes

biogenic NO emission from soil: controlling factors

control of emission from soil: processesbiogenic NO emission from soil: controlling factors

Skopp.jpg control of emission from soil: processesbiogenic NO emission from soil: controlling factors

control of emission from soil: processes biogenic NO emission from soil: controlling factors

control of emission from soil: processes biogenic NO emission from soil: controlling factors

biogenic NO emission from soil: laboratory studies

P 30°C 20°C 4°C

k 30°C 20°C 10°C

NO production rate [ng kg -1 s -1 ] soil temperature [°C] gravimetric soil water content [1] P = P(T soil,  ) gravimetric soil water content [1] soil temperature [°C] NO consumption rate [m 3 kg -1 s -1 ] k = k(T soil,  ) Melpitz (D) ungrazed pasture 2001

T soil,  biogenic NO emission from soil: from laboratory incubation to field plot scale

NOMarondera.jpg laboratory vs. field biogenic NO emission from soil: laboratory vs. field

01-OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT OCT-99 net NO flux [ng N m -2 s -1 ] F field F lab biogenic NO emission from soil: laboratory vs. field

m comp = P/k * V m /M N

biogenic NO emission from soil: from laboratory/plot to nation wide scale (1)

biogenic NO emission from soil: from laboratory/plot to nation wide scale (3) modelled July NO flux rates (ngNm -2 s -1 ) against iWFPS and soil temperature ( o C) for the miombo land use class of Zimbabwe.

biogenic NO emission from soil: from laboratory/plot to nation wide scale (4) mean, std deviation and maximum monthly NO flux rates for miombo soils in ngNm -2 s -1 mean, std deviation and maximum monthly NO flux rates for agriculture soils in ngNm -2 s -1 mean, std deviation and maximum monthly NO flux rates for grassland soils in ngNm -2 s -1

regional estimation of biogenic NO emission by "lab scanning / GIS up-scaling" past activities : rainforest & pasture (Rôndonia, Brazil) natural & agricultural soils (Zimbabwe) present activities : Kalahari and Namib desert (southern Africa) Junggar & Tarim desert (Xinjiang, north-west China) natural & agricultural soils (Jilin, north-east China) Atacama desert (Chile) Sahara desert (Lybia) rainforest (Suriname)

biogenic NO emssion from soils (Brasil) Bakwin et al. (1990) Neill et al. (1995, 1997) ? Bakwin et al. (1990) F NOx, out = 0.25 F NOsoil Jacob & Wofsy (1990) 1 : ng NO-N m -2 s -1 < 1 ng NO-N m -2 s -1 Neill et al. (1999) Verchot et al. (1999) Garcia-Montiel et al. (2001) van Dijk et al. (2002) Gut et al. (2002) Kirkman et al. (2002) 

3 NO, NO, O, VOC 2 VOC VOC emission from leaves NO + O 3  NO 2 + O 2 NO 2 + O 2  NO + O 3 hv ’RO’ 2 + NO  RO + NO 2 2 O 3 deposition to leaf surface O 3 (and NO ) 2 NO 2 O 3 O 3 and NO 2 deposition to stomata NO emission from soil NO O 3 NO + O 3  NO 2 + O 2 2 NO 2 chemistry vs. biology vs. transport characteristic times ?

28-JUL-2003

[NO] 28-JUL-2003 z = ± 0 m : [NO] > 80 ppb z = 0.5 m : [NO] < 0.8 ppb

canopy top LBA-EUSTACH, Reserva Biologica Jarú, dry  wet season transition

Rn [Bq m -3 ] CO 2 [ppm] C. Martens et al. (2004), Radon fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems of Brazilian Amazonia: night-time CO 2 net ecosystem exchange derived from radon and eddy covariance methods, Global Change Biology, 10, LBA-ECOLOGY, FLONAS Tapajos, Pará/Brazil Nov/Dec 2001 tropical primary rainforest canopy top

(average of 43 days Sept/Oct 1999) LBA-EUSTACH, Reserva Biologica Jarú, dry  wet season transition

canopy top LBA-EUSTACH, Reserva Biologica Jarú, dry  wet season transition

results of a simple, multilayer diagnostic model F(NO) F(NO 2 ) F(O 3 ) F(NO x ) 0.01 ppb m s -1 = 5.7 ng N m -2 s -1 0 NO x = NO + NO 2

0

NO & NO 2 fluxes by eddy covariance gas phase chemiluminescence (NO) & photolytic converters (NO 2 ) 31 m above canopy Thielmann et al. (2005) Kortner et al. (2005)