Create a Table at the End of your notes: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Has organelles in the cytoplasm No Nucleus Bacteria Has a nucleus
What is an Organelle?? Organelle = “little organ” A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell What are some organelles we have already discussed in class?
Organelles of the Cell Review… Cell Wall In plant cells, but not animal cells Provides support and protection for the cell: ridged, strong, stiff Made mostly of cellulose: a tough carbohydrate fiber Comparable to farm fence: keeps the cell (dairy cow herd) safe from the outside environment.
Cell Membrane Thin, flexible barrier around the cell Regulates what enters & leaves the cell In both plants & animal cells Provides support, protection & controls movement of materials in & out of cell Comparable to a farm gate: keeps some things off the dairy while allowing some things to pass through.
Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane, not including nucleus In plant & animal cells Supports & protects cell organelles Comparable to a pasture/field/open space on a dairy farm: contains the parts of the cell.
Nucleus Inside the cell; contains genetic material Controls cells activities In plant AND animal cells The control center of the dairy farm is the farm office!!
Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Small, dense region within the nucleus Where DNA is stored In plant AND animal cells Nucleolus is comparable to FARM RECORDS on a dairy farm… Because?
Nuclear Envelope Surrounds the nucleus, double membrane Controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus In plant AND animal cells It is the fence around the dairy farm office. Why is that?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Network of tubes or membranes – smooth and rough where parts of the cell’s membrane are assembled and carries materials through the cell. In both plant and animal cells On a dairy farm, these would be pens and corrals because…
Ribosome Free bodies found throughout the cytoplasm or bound to the E.R. Produces proteins In both animal and plant cells Compared to a dairy cow: Dairy cows produce milk just like ribosomes produce protein! Protein
Mitochondria Bean-shaped with inner membranes Breaks down sugar molecules into energy; POWER STATIONS! In both animal and plant cells Much like a dairy manure digester that collects methane gas from manure and uses it to generate electricity.
Golgi Body/Apparatus Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell. Appears to be folded Plant & animal cells Comparable to a dairy products processing plant: where cheese, milk, other dairy products are packaged and shipped out!
Vacuole Vacuole Fluid-filled sacs Store food, water, waste Plant cells have a few, large vacuoles while animal cells have many small ones
Lysosome Lysosome Helps break down materials into smaller molecules that can be used by the cell Small, Round with a membrane Plant & animal cells What breaks down material on a dairy farm?
Chloroplasts Green, oval, usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis) In plant cells NOT animal cells Can be comparable to solar energy panels. Why is this?
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosome Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Theory Organelle Cell Nucleus
Mighty Mitochondria!! Play Video
Lynette the Lysosome
Directions… READ CAREFULLY! With your partner… Use your organelle table to help you fill in the cell superhero chart Questions 7-11 must be related to agriculture in some way What are some examples of this? Sketch what you want your superhero to look like in the box provided on your handout. Label the parts and use color. When your superhero handout is completely filled in and your drawing is completed, labeled, and colored you will take it to Ms. Senff to be stamped. Only after your paper has been stamped will you get the materials you need to create your cell superhero.
Cell Theory Plant Cell Nucleus Eukaryote Animal Cell Organelle Prokaryote Nucleolus
Golgi Body E.R. Cell Wall Vacuole Cell Membrane Lysosome Chloroplast Mitochondria cytoplasm Ribosome