Unrest in Asia and Africa By Claire Kiewra, Yorgos Nikolakis, Silas Lauta, Abigail Bourdeau and Chloe Russell

Main Idea After World War One, nationalism began to rise in Asia and Africa and many people in countries such as India wanted a change in the way things were run. Unrest became common in Asia and Africa and it continued into the 1930s.

CHina After WW1 Claire Kiewra The Republic of China’s flag ( ) China played a small role in World War One in post war years, there was unrest throughout the country

China The May the Fourth Movement Claire Kiewra

China The May the Fourth Movement China declared war on Germany Claire Kiewra

China The May the Fourth Movement China declared war on Germany China hoped that the allied powers would return Chinese territories (controlled by Germany) after the war ended Claire Kiewra

China The May the Fourth Movement China declared war on Germany China hoped that the allied powers would return Chinese territories (controlled by Germany) after the war ended The Treaty of Versailles gave these lands to Japan because Japan had captured these territories during the war Claire Kiewra

China The May the Fourth Movement China declared war on Germany China hoped that the allied powers would return Chinese territories (controlled by Germany) after the war ended The Treaty of Versailles gave these lands to Japan because Japan had captured these territories during the war China saw this as the rest of the world viewing their country as weak Claire Kiewra

China The May the Fourth Movement China declared war on Germany China hoped that the allied powers would return Chinese territories (controlled by Germany) after the war ended The Treaty of Versailles gave these lands to Japan because Japan had captured these territories during the war China saw this as the rest of the world viewing their country as weak On May 14th, 1919 thousands of students in Beijing gathered to protest Claire Kiewra

China The May the Fourth Movement China declared war on Germany China hoped that the allied powers would return Chinese territories (controlled by Germany) after the war ended The Treaty of Versailles gave these lands to Japan because Japan had captured these territories during the war China saw this as the rest of the world viewing their country as weak On May 14th, 1919 thousands of students in Beijing gathered to protest Strikes and protests then spread throughout the country Claire Kiewra

China The Uneasy Partnership Between Communists and the Guomindang Guomindang Nationalists were a party in the Chinese Legislature the Communist Party of China was formed Many people in China believed that communism could help improve things in the nation The Communists and the Guomindang Nationalists worked together to fight warlords controlling parts of China Claire Kiewra

China Jiang Jieshi (also known as Chiang Kai-Shek) Led the Communist-Guomindang partnership to many successes in the early 1920s Under his leadership, the Guomindang gained control of much of China The Communist-Guomindang helped spread communist ideas in China The Guomindang Nationalists urged Jiang Jieshi to turn against the Communists Jiang Jieshi’s forces attacked Communists in many cities, beginning the Chinese Civil War Jiang Jieshi Claire Kiewra

China The Long March Mao Zedong Was a survivor of Jiang Jieshi's initial attacks on Communists Led other Communists in the Long March and tried to reorganize the Communists’ organization with other survivors After Jiang Jieshi’s attacks, Chinese Communists needed to find a safe place away from Guomindang control 100,000 Communists, led by Mao Zedong, walked 6,000 miles through China 8,000 of Mao’s followers survived the march Later, the Communists regained their strength and fought against Jiang Jieshi Claire Kiewra Mao Zedong The Long March

India Early 1900’s: India was under harsh British rule, and nationalism was rising. Yorgos Nikolakis

India Early 1900’s: India was under harsh British rule, and nationalism was rising. There was a lot of tension between India and Britain Yorgos Nikolakis

India Early 1900’s: India was under harsh British rule, and nationalism was rising. There was a lot of tension between India and Britain Up to 800,000 Indian soldiers helped Britain fight in WWI Even after War Indians felt that they hadn’t won any freedom and they felt angered Yorgos Nikolakis

India Early 1900’s: India was under harsh British rule, and nationalism was rising. There was a lot of tension between India and Britain Up to 800,000 Indian soldiers helped Britain fight in WWI Even after War Indians felt that they hadn’t won any freedom and they felt angered Yorgos Nikolakis

India Amritsar Massacre Yorgos Nikolakis

India Amritsar Massacre Britain had just passed the Rowlatt Acts, giving them control to deal harshly with Indian opposition Yorgos Nikolakis

India Amritsar Massacre Britain had just passed the Rowlatt Acts, giving them control to deal harshly with Indian opposition Indians were outraged and during a protest in 1919, British soldiers opened fire and killed nearly 400 people. Yorgos Nikolakis

India Amritsar Massacre Britain had just passed the Rowlatt Acts, giving them control to deal harshly with Indian opposition Indians were outraged and during a protest in 1919, British soldiers opened fire and killed nearly 400 people. Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi 2 major beliefs Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi 2 major beliefs Nonviolence towards living things Civil disobedience toward unjust laws Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi 2 major beliefs Nonviolence towards living things Civil disobedience toward unjust laws Gandhi inspired many nonviolent protests and boycotts against British goods Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi 2 major beliefs Nonviolence towards living things Civil disobedience toward unjust laws Gandhi inspired many nonviolent protests and boycotts against British goods Gandhi and his supporters were often arrested, but it only increased public sympathy Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi 2 major beliefs Nonviolence towards living things Civil disobedience toward unjust laws Gandhi inspired many nonviolent protests and boycotts against British goods Gandhi and his supporters were often arrested, but it only increased public sympathy In 1935, British gave Indians a limited degree of self-rule. Yorgos Nikolakis

India Mohandas Gandhi 2 major beliefs Nonviolence towards living things Civil disobedience toward unjust laws Gandhi inspired many nonviolent protests and boycotts against British goods Gandhi and his supporters were often arrested, but it only increased public sympathy In 1935, British gave Indians a limited degree of self-rule. Full independence wasn’t gained and India’s struggle continued Yorgos Nikolakis

Africa During World War 1, Africa was close to being completely under European colonial power’s rule s Africans served in european Armies and s of them died, but also increased nationalist feeling. Many Africans thought they gained independence from European control, because of their sacrifices in war. Trade between Europe and Africa, in which many african colonies depended on, ended. Africans were angry, because no Africans were involved in the Treaty of Versailles, and European powers gave Germany’s African colonies to other countries. Silas Lauta

Africa After World War 1, Africans sought greater independence, because of their frustrations at European powers actions. In 1919, a series of meetings known as Pan African Congress organized by people of African heritage around the world began, and led to demands for independence. North African Arabs tried to win independence in British-ruled Egypt, but after the war a group of Egyptians demanded independence. Some members were arrested, and protests swept the country. The British realized they couldn’t keep control, and in February 1922 they declared Egypt as independent. Silas Lauta

Africa Egypt’s independence was a victory for nationalism in Africa, but the continent was still almost entirely under European control in the 1920s and 1930s. African desire for reform and independence continued to grow during this time. It would take a lot of time and another world war for Africa to reach nationalism and lead to a major change on the continent Silas Lauta

Turkey Ottoman Empire and Turkey Ethnic Turkish population lived within the Ottoman Empire during WWI Although within the Ottoman Empire, felt as though they were separated because of Ethnicity After WWI- allied powers had authority over ottoman empire & decided how land was distributed

Turkey Treaty of Sevres Under the Treaty of Sevres, Ottoman Empire agreed to give up control of much of its territory- including homeland of Turkish population Allied powers planned to give this land to Greece and other nations On August 10th 1920, the treaty was signed, abolishing the Ottoman Empire and asking Turkey to renounce all the rights it had in Arab Asia and North Africa. Lf9Rd-CaxO

Turkey Kemal Mustafa/Ataturk Kemal led the Turks to fight the allied nations plan of giving up Turkish Territory to Greece and other nations Defeated greek forces that were sent to claim Turkish territory On October 1923 Kemal announced the establishment of the Republic of Turkey Became Turkey's first president As a result of successfully defending Turkey,Kemal became known as Kemal Ataturk, “Father of the Turks”

Turkey Modernization & Secularism After creating the Republic of Turkey, Kemal sought to turn Turkey into a modern nation Modernization required ending influence of the Muslim religion’s influence on government & personal life Made the government secular (nonreligious) Kemal leadership lead to advances in industry, education, and other fields Believed in equality of both men and women- gave women equal rights, allowing them to take part in government and vote Arrested and imprisoned those who wore veils and other traditional Turkish clothing Wanted people to prove they were civilized by wearing “common clothes”, meaning, shoes and boots, trousers, shirts and tie, jacket, and a vest. Kemal’s led a successful nation until his death on november 10th, 1938

Persia ●Reza Khan ○ Led an overthrow over Persia’s shah or emperor ruled as Reza Shah ○ Became shah himself in 1925 ○ Wanted to make Iran (Persia) into a modern and fully independent nation ○ Reza Shah introduced many reforms including, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances ○ Under his rule Trans-Iranian railways were built and modern education was introduced and established Chloe Russell

Persia ●Advancements in Industry & Education ○ Persia was one of the first empires to exchange goods for money ○ Public education progressed rapidly ○ New social classes like the middle class and an industrial working class were introduced ○ Many schools and institutes of higher technology were set up ○ Reza Shah changed it to an industrialized urbanized nation Chloe Russell University of Tehran Logo

Persia Iran In 1935 Reza Shah changed Persia's name to Iran Iran has the fourth largest oil reserves and the largest natural gas reserves in the world Capital of Iran is Tehran, The University of Tehran is based in the capital, this university was established by Reza Shah Language: Persian Chloe Russell

Persia Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Conflict was over control of land in the middle east Led to a long resisted attempts at resolution France & Britain set up mandates in the Middle East Arabs & Jews moved to Palestine, tension increased and violence soon broke out United Nation planned to divide Palestine between the Jews & Arabs, Jews soon accepted while the Arabs declined Britain pulled out of Palestine and Israel was soon created The Five Arabs states immediately attacked Israel The Arab-Israeli conflict still continues today Chloe Russell