1 JCI 1 1 An engineer is someone who can do for $5,000 what any damn fool can do for $50,000. Anonymous

2 CEE 426 Wastewater Treatment Plant Design December 2, :05 pm Room 1213 Engineering Hall Thomas E. Jenkins President JenTech Inc N. Elm Tree Road Milwaukee, WI

3 JCI 1 3 The Objective:

4 JCI 1 4  Steps in the Design Process The Bidding Process  “Stakeholders” and Their Roles Roles in the Design and Bid Process

5 JCI 1 5 1) Owner Establishes Need  Permit or Regulatory Change  Population or Load Growth  Equipment or System Life Ending 2) Owner Issues RFP (Request for Proposals) from Engineering Firms 3) Owner Selects Design Firm Steps in the Design Process

6 JCI 1 6 4) Preliminary Design  Loads Defined, Treatment Processes Selected  Major Equipment Sized  General Plant Layout Established  Budget Estimate Prepared 5) Financing Investigated 6) Regulatory Review  Conformance With Regulations  Conformance With Permit Steps in the Design Process

7 JCI 1 7 7) Detailed Design  Final Sizing of all Components  Plans Drawn  Specifications Written  Pricing Solicited 8) Final Review of “90%” Documents  Owner  Regulators  Suppliers Steps in the Design Process

8 JCI 1 8 9) Contract Documents Released for Bid  Final Plans and Specs, Bid Form  Purchased by Contractors, Suppliers, Manufacturers – Often Through Dodge Reports  Changes Made by Addendum 10) Bids Received and Opened 11) Project Awarded  Usually but Not Always Lowest Responsive Bidder 12) Authorization to Proceed Given Steps in the Design Process

9 JCI ) Construction Proceeds  Submittals Reviewed and “Approved”  Engineering Firm Provides Supervision, Inspection (“Resident Engineer”, “Construction Manager”, etc.)  Payment Pro-Rated, Retainage Held  Suppliers Commission (Start Up) Equipment  Operator Training Provided 14) Final Acceptance by Owner 15) Final Payment Made 16) As-Built Drawings and O&M Manuals Provided Steps in the Design Process

10 JCI 1 10 And they all lived happily ever after….. Steps in the Design Process

11 JCI 1 11  Loads  Alternate Design Formulas  Physical Constants  Economic Constraints  Ethical Issues  Design is an “Iterative Process”  Must Begin and Then Refine  Must Examine Alternate Designs  Must Include Safety Factors Design Involves Uncertainty

12 JCI 1 12  Cost vs. Performance  Cost vs. Time  Reliability vs. Cost  Size vs. Capacity  Flexibility vs. Complexity  Conflicting Owner Requirements Do NOT Be Afraid to Question Anything! Design Involves Tradeoffs

13 JCI 1 13 Contract Documents:  Define Construction Details  Level of Quality  Materials of Construction  Performance Requirements  Possible Sources of Supply  Required Services to be Included  Legally Binding  Specifications Take Precedence

14 JCI 1 14 Example Contract Documents: Plans Include  Index of Drawings  General Plant Layout  Process Flow and Hydraulic Profile  Architectural  Structural  Mechanical  Electrical  Instrumentation and Controls

15 JCI 1 15 Example Contract Documents: Plans

16 JCI 1 16 Example Contract Documents: Plans

17 JCI 1 17 Example Contract Documents: Plans

18 JCI 1 18 Example Contract Documents: Plans

19 JCI 1 19 Example Contract Documents: Specifications Include (USA)  Index of Contract Documents  Invitation to Bid and Bid Form  General Terms and Conditions  Individual Sections for Major Categories

20 JCI 1 20 Example Contract Documents: Specifications Division 01 — General Requirements Division 02 — Site Construction Division 03 — Concrete Division 04 — Masonry (concrete block) Division 05 — Metals (beams) Division 06 — Wood and Plastics Division 07 — Thermal and Moisture Protection Division 08 — Doors and Windows Division 09 — Finishes Division 10 — Specialties Division 11 — Equipment Division 12 — Furnishings Division 13 — Special Construction Division 14 — Conveying Systems Division 15 — Mechanical Division 16 — Electrical

21 JCI 1 21 Example Contract Documents: New Specification Format (not widely used) Commercial Equipment Mercantile and Service Equipment Cash Registers and Checking Equipment Vending Equipment Vending Machines Checkroom Equipment Weighing and Wrapping Equipment Barber and Beauty Shop Equipment Refrigerated Display Equipment Commercial Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment Dry Cleaning Equipment Drying and Conditioning Equipment Finishing Equipment Commercial Ironing Equipment Commercial Washers and Extractors Coin-Operated Laundry Equipment Hanging Garment Conveyors Maintenance Equipment

22 JCI 1 22 Example Contract Documents: Specification Sections for Major Equipment  Detailed Requirements  Cross Referenced to Other Sections  Includes 1 General Requirements and Scope of Supply 2 Potential Sources Description of Equipment & Construction Performance Requirements 3Services Required (Start-up, Training, etc.)

23 JCI 1 23 Example Contract Documents: Specifications

24 JCI 1 24 Example Contract Documents: Bid Form

25 JCI 1 25 Stakeholders and Their Roles  Public (Ratepayers, Citizens)  Regulatory Authorities  City & Government Officials  Plant Management, Operators, Staff  Consulting Engineer  Contractors  Equipment Manufacturers  Sales Representatives

26 JCI 1 26 Stakeholders and Their Roles: The Owner  Public (Ratepayers, Citizens)  Regulatory Authorities  City & Government Officials They pay for everything, are responsible for the plant operation, and have a duty to society at large to produce clean water. These groups want good performance, low cost, low operating expenses, NIMBY, “out of sight, out of mind” operation.

27 JCI 1 27 Stakeholders and Their Roles” Plant Staff  Plant Management, Operators, Staff They perform the actual work of running and maintaining the plant. They should be consulted throughout the design process (but often aren’t). They want reliability, ease of service, good performance, low operating and maintenance cost. They are on the line for meeting treatment permits, often in spite of design problems.

28 JCI 1 28 Stakeholders and Their Roles  Consulting Engineer They are responsible for the application of sound engineering principles and judgment in the design. The engineer should understand and coordinate the requirements of the other stakeholders. The engineering firm wants to make the owner happy while making a profit. They want design assistance from suppliers, good faith efforts by the contractors, clear and defined objectives from the owner.

29 JCI 1 29 Stakeholders and Their Roles  Contractors They are responsible for the safe and timely construction of the plant in accordance with the contract documents. Contractors include: General, Mechanical, Electrical, and Specialties The wants to make the engineer and owner happy while making a profit. They want clear direction from the engineer, a design that is “buildable”, and cooperation and understanding from the owner.

30 JCI 1 30 Stakeholders and Their Roles  Equipment Manufacturers and Sales Representatives They supply the process equipment that makes the plant run. They are responsible for providing design assistance to the engineer, instruction to the contractor, and long term support to the operators. The manufacturers wants to make the engineer and owner happy while making a profit. They want to provide equipment to the contractor. They rely on innovation and reputation to remain competitive.

31 JCI 1 31 Questions? The technical problems are easy to solve. Anonymous