Chapter 15 Windows and Exterior Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Discuss standards for window and door fabrication. Identify the various types of windows. Explain how energy efficient windows affect heat resistance. Interpret a window schedule. Explain how window frames are adjusted for wall thickness. Objectives Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Summarize procedures for installing a standard window. Describe procedures for installing a replacement window. Describe the procedure for installing a bow or box bay window unit. Calculate rough openings. Objectives (Cont.) Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Prepare a rough opening for installation of a door frame. Describe the procedure for sliding glass door installation. Explain the correct construction of garage door frames. Select appropriate garage door hardware. Objectives (Cont.) Wayne-Dalton Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Windows and Doors Important parts of structures Carpenters should know about materials and be expert in installation Close fit ensures air infiltration is kept to minimum Simpson Door Company

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Windows are made from wood, aluminum, steel, or vinyl Wood must be treated with preservatives Metal is stronger than wood Aluminum has film of oxide that eliminates need for paint Materials

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Have been established by –Window & Door Manufacturers Association –American Architectural Manufacturers Association –Canadian Standards Association International Building Code and International Residential Code also include requirements Manufacturing Standards

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Parts of Windows Sash Bottom rail Jamb Heal Sill Drip cap Mullion Muntin Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Standard Muntin Patterns

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Types of Windows Grouped under three basic types –Sliding –Swinging –Fixed Double-hung window has two sashes that slide up and down past each other

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Horizontal Sliding Windows Have two or more sashes At least one can horizontally move within window frame Common design has two movable sashes Marvin Windows and Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Casement Windows Sash is hinged on side and swings outward Sashes are operated by crank or push bar on frame Screen and storm sashes are attached to inside Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Awning Windows Have one or more sashes hinged at top Sashes swing out at bottom Are often combined with fixed units May be installed side by side to form “ribbon” effect at top of wall Marvin Windows and Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Have sash that is hinged along bottom and swings inward Operated by locking handle located in top rail Easy to wash and maintain Their operation may interfere with drapes or curtains Hopper Windows

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Series of horizontal glass slats Held and controlled at each end by movable metal frame Metal frames attached to each other by levers Slats tilt together in manner similar to mini or venetian blinds Jalousie Windows

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Can be used in combination with any other units Provide daylight and outdoor views Have glass set in fixed sash and mounted in frame Can be used to form window walls Fixed Windows

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Window Heights Avoid placing horizontal framework at eye level Standard height from bottom of window head to finished floor is 6′–8″ Designs may need to be adjusted for people with disabilities

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Energy Efficiency of Windows U-factor is measure of rate at which window conducts heat energy Adding second pane of glass with 1/2″ air space in between reduces U-factor Storm sashes and storm panels improve U-factor Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Double- and Triple-Sealed Glazing Double or triple layers of plate glass are used in large fixed units Space between panes may be filled with dehydrated air or argon Lowers heat loss and decreases fogging of windows Pella Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Windows and glass doors can leak heat in winter High-efficiency, triple-glazed windows in cold climates can reduce heat loss by 15%–30% Double-glazed windows will meet weather needs and code specifications in warmer, more moderate areas Thinking Green

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Emissivity is relative ability of material to transmit or absorb and re-radiate heat Low-e windows have clear outer pane, air space, and special coating Coating reflects infrared (heat wave) radiation, but allows regular light waves to pass through Low-Emissivity Glazing

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Open windows require screens to keep out insects Screen mesh is fiberglass or aluminum Mesh should have minimum of 252 openings per square inch Most screens have light metal frame Screens

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Windows in Drawings Plans and working drawings show type and location of windows Elevations show type of window, may include glass size and heights Supporting mullions are also indicated

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Floor Plan with Windows

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Window Sizes Window sizes may include –Glass size –Sash size –Rough frame opening –Mason or unit opening Architectural drawings provide details in window and door schedule

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Detail Drawings Section drawings show each part of window They also show how units are placed into wall structure May be found in architectural drawings or manufacturer’s catalogs

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Jamb Extensions Applied to window frames for added thickness Manufacturers build frames to basic size and equip unit with extension Carpenter may build jamb extensions up to several inches wide

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Installing Windows Most window units are installed from outside of structure One person should help with leveling while other worker holds window in place Most window units come with all hardware in place Marvin Windows and Doors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Installing Fixed Units Medium-sized fixed glass panels are usually mounted in sash and frame Installation is essentially same as for regular windows Glazing is setting glass in opening using glazing sealant

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Glass Blocks Made of two formed pieces of glass fused together to leave insulating air space Come in different patterns and sizes Have good insulating properties

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Installing Small Glass Block Panels Panel height should not exceed 7′ and width should not exceed 5′ Panels may be supported by mortar key at jambs in masonry construction Use wood members in frame construction

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Install expansion strips to partially fill expansion spaces at jambs and heads Provide support at jambs with wall anchors Anchors should be crimped within expansion spaces and spaced on 24″ centers Wall ties should be installed on 24″ centers in horizontal mortar joints Installing Large Glass Block Panels

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Replacing Windows Remove old windows Install wood furring to bring rough opening to correct size Place new window unit in rough opening Install inside and outside window trim Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Skylights Provide natural light and privacy Light tube skylight directs light to areas not directly beneath dome In frame construction, shaft connects ceiling opening with roof Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Bow and Bay Windows Come assembled and ready for installation Require extra support to prevent sagging Cable supports are often used Heavier units must also have extra support at base Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Exterior Doors and Frames Made from wood, metal, and fiberglass Flush doors have flat face applied to sides of light framework Panel doors have stiles and rails that hold panels Main entrances may have decorative features

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Door Frames Have heads, jambs, and sills Made at millwork plant and come prehung or disassembled Stock frames can be adapted to stone or brick veneer construction

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Doorsills Made of wood, metal, stone, or concrete Setting doorsill may require cutting away section of rough floor Size of rough opening is usually included in door and window schedule

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Determining Hand of Door Swing-type doors are either left-hand or right- hand swing Face door from room it opens into Side lockset is on as you are facing door determines hand of door

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Sliding Glass Doors Doors ride on nylon or stainless steel rollers Installation details are similar to those for sliding windows Manufacturers provide detailed instructions for installing particular products Andersen Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. On large glass units, place large X on glass while building remains under construction This alerts workers not to walk into glass or damage it with tools and materials Use masking tape or washable paint to apply X Pro Tip

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Garage Doors Three types –Hinged or swinging –Swing-up –Overhead Made from wood, steel, aluminum, and fiberglass Steve Olewinski

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Garage Door Frames Include side jambs and head similar to exterior entry doors Track and hardware mounted to heavy inside frame Adequate clearance must be left between top of door and ceiling

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Hardware and Counterbalances Track, hinges, and bolts should be made of galvanized steel Counterbalancing devices are used –Extension spring –Torsion spring Many garage doors have electric-powered door openers Wayne-Dalton Corp.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Counterbalancing torsion springs are under high tension They can cause injury and damage if suddenly released Special tools must be used to adjust torsion springs Such work should be done only by properly trained technicians Safety Note