Friday, September 12, 2014. Primary Lymphoid Organs fetal yolk sac fetal liver and spleen bone marrow thymus Secondary Lymphoid Organs lymph nodes spleen.

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Friday, September 12, 2014

Primary Lymphoid Organs fetal yolk sac fetal liver and spleen bone marrow thymus Secondary Lymphoid Organs lymph nodes spleen Peyer’s patches (M.A.L.T.)

Aging marrow repleaced with fat (10% per year)

CD4 CD8

nu/nu +/+ or +/nu

antibody formation that requires CD4+ helper T cellsCD4helper T cells cell-mediated immune responses, which require CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells cell-mediated immune responses delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (require CD4+ T cells)hypersensitivity killing of virus-infected or malignant cells (requires CD8+ cytotoxic T cells)malignantCD8cytotoxic T cells graft rejection (requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) graft rejection and are furlesss Spontaneous deletion of FOXN1 gene (forkhead box protein N1) transcription factor Wikipedia hyperlinks Phenotype: nude mice are deficient in

Secondary Lymphoid Organs Deployed in strategic locations to encounter infectious agents Location of adaptive immune response Clonal selection and expansion Differentiation into effector cells T and B microenvironments

Photomicrograph of Lymphatic vessel with valve 100x. Note the one way valve center of slide within the lymph vessel. Keeps flow of lymph going in one direction. There is a blood vessel running parallel to the lymph vessel.

Soluble, particulate or processed (dendritic cell) antigen enters HEV

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

Susan died of infections; no spleen on autopsy. Child of family with many consanguineous marriages. Normal titers of hemaglutinating antibodies (RBC coated with tetanus toxoid) in all children tested. Normal titers of antibodies to typhoid vaccine in all children tested (agglutination of Salmonella typhosa). No increase in antibody titer to intravenous SRBC in two children, David and Betsy. Five of eight children born without spleens (scintillation scan). Betsy (no spleen) had normal children. Susan Vanderveer

The reticuloendothelial system (RES) consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue, primarily … macrophages. These cells accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver … are also part of the RES. (Wikipedia).phagocyticreticular connective tissue… macrophageslymph nodesspleenKupffer cellsliver Betsy David

Antibody titers of Vanderveer children Hemaglutinating antibodies to tetanus toxoid Betsy 1/32 David 1/32 Healthy girl 1/32 Salmonela agglutinating antibodies Betsy 1/32 David 1/16 Healthy girl 1/32 Hemaglutinating antibodies to IV SRBCs Betsy 1/4 did not increase David 1/32 did not increase Healthy girl 1/32 increased to 1/256 Serial dilution of serum Large dilution of serum to reach equivalence when there are lots of antibodies!

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