How many couples out of 100 will get pregnant if they have unprotected sex for a year? Answer: Birth Control

Fertilization ● the joining of the egg and sperm ● resulting in a zygote Fertilization, Implantation, and Conception

Implantation ● fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus ● Pregnancy Begins Definitions (cont)

● Egg is released from the ovary ● Egg remains viable for hours ● million sperm ejaculated ● Sperm viable for up to 7 days (3-5 average) ● 6-10 days later, Zygote implants How does pregnancy begin?

Pregnancy in the US About 850,000 teen pregnancies each year, 85% are unintended.

Another name is contraception contra = against, conception So it will prevent…Fertilization or Implantation Birth Control

● Take the egg out of the equation and others Take the sperm out of the equation. Some methods…

What methods have you heard of? Birth Control

● The pill is just one type of birth control. ● If you mean the pill when talking about birth control say the pill. Birth Control

the number of women out of 100 who get pregnant each year using a specific method of contraception Perfect: Failure rate with correct/consistent use Typical: Failure rate with user mistakes Failure Rate

● The difference between perfect use failure rate and typical use failure rate. ● The larger the difference, the larger the margin of error due to user mistakes. Margin of Error

Contraceptive Options Hormonal Barrier Other

Hormonal Methods Contain hormones Prevent ovulation* Thicken cervical mucus to prevent fertilization* Reduce the endometrium Prescription only – except EC *EC works a little differently

Hormonal Methods Implanon Depo-Provera Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing) Patch (OrthoEvra) The Pill Emergency Contraception

Hormonal Methods Advantages Regulate periods (pill, patch and ring) Less menstrual cramping, flow, & PMS Fewer ectopic pregnancies Very effective pregnancy prevention Low margin of error

Hormonal Methods Disadvantages NO protection against Sexually Transmitted Infections Several possible side effects (ie. nausea, breast tenderness, increased appetite, mood changes) Less period regulation with progesterone only methods (ie. Depo-Provera and Implanon)

Method Type Failure rate How does it work? How is it used? Advantages & Disadvantages Where you get it.

Implanon ● 1 sub-dermal implant in arm for 3 years ● Highly effective ● Progestin only ● Irregular bleeding

One shot every 12 weeks By prescription & administered at health center Irregular bleeding or loss of period Slow return of regular menstrual cycle Depo-Provera

Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing) Insert flexible ring into the vagina for 3 weeks ½ the amount of hormones of the pill Less effective when using oil-based treatment for yeast infections

The Patch (OrthoEvra) One new patch per week for 3 weeks; week 4 menstruation occurs By prescription Clean dry skin

1 pill every 24 hours Less effective when taking certain antibiotics The Pill

Over the Counter - Plan B -best if taken within 72 hours Prescription - Ella - within 120 hours (best if taken within 72 hours) Prevents pregnancy 75% to 89% of the time Will not terminate an existing pregnancy Emergency Contraception

Barrier Methods Prevent sperm from entering the uterus & reaching the egg by putting a barrier between them

Barrier Methods Male Condoms Female Condoms Sponge

Male Condoms Highly effective with correct use Latex or polyurethane One time use only Very good STI protection

Made of polyurethane Inserted into the vagina One time use only Very good STI protection Female Condom

Sponge ● Can be inserted hours before intercourse ● Must remain in vagina for at least 6 hours after intercourse ● Blocks, absorbs and kills sperm ● Over the counter ● Can cause irritation ● Possibility of Toxic Shock Syndrome if worn longer than 30 hours

Abstinence Prevents the egg and sperm from meeting Not having oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse Highly effective when used perfectly Some STI protection

Pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation Requires great self-control & experience Much better than using no contraception (using nothing has an 85 out of 100 failure rate) No STI protection Withdrawal